{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T22:22:44Z","timestamp":1789424564426,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]],"date-time":"2019-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD16\/0007\/0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0007\/0005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD16\/0007\/0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0007\/0012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI15\/00383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/00383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CP14\/00087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP14\/00087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ag\u00e8ncia de Gesti\u00f3 d\u2019Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca","award":["FI_B00783"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FI_B00783"]}]},{"name":"Ag\u00e8ncia de Gesti\u00f3 d\u2019Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca","award":["FI_B00754"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FI_B00754"]}]},{"name":"Instituto esMindfulness","award":["I Premio del Instituto es Mindfulness 2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I Premio del Instituto es Mindfulness 2016"]}]},{"name":"Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de D\u00e9u &amp; Fundaci\u00f3 Sant Joan de D\u00e9u","award":["Premi de recerca"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Premi de recerca"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic syndrome characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, and physical and emotional symptoms. Although its pathophysiology is largely unknown, immune-inflammatory pathways may be involved. We examined serum interleukin (IL)-6, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), CXCL-8, and IL-10 in 67 female FM patients and 35 healthy women while adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), and comorbid disorders. We scored the Fibromyalgia Severity Score, Widespread Pain Index (WPI), Symptom Severity Scale (SSS), Hospital Anxiety (HADS-A), and Depression Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Clinical rating scales were significantly higher in FM patients than in controls. After adjusting for covariates, IL-6, IL-10, and CXCL-8 were lower in FM than in HC, whereas hs-CRP did not show any difference. Binary regression analyses showed that the diagnosis FM was associated with lowered IL-10, quality of sleep, aerobic activities, and increased HADS-A and comorbidities. Neural networks showed that WPI was best predicted by quality of sleep, PSS-10, HADS-A, and the cytokines, while SSS was best predicted by PSS-10, HADS-A, and IL-10. Lowered levels of cytokines are associated with FM independently from confounders. Lowered IL-6 and IL-10 signaling may play a role in the pathophysiology of FM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20174231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]],"date-time":"2019-08-29T11:26:22Z","timestamp":1567077982000},"page":"4231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Machine Learning to Understand the Immune-Inflammatory Pathways in Fibromyalgia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5133-9811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Andr\u00e9s-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Psychological Research in Fibromyalgia &amp; Chronic Pain (AGORA), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Teaching, Research &amp; Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, 08830 St. Boi de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, RedIAPP, 28013 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3972-1385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"Borr\u00e0s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Psychological Research in Fibromyalgia &amp; Chronic Pain (AGORA), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2810-7670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Feliu-Soler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Psychological Research in Fibromyalgia &amp; Chronic Pain (AGORA), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Teaching, Research &amp; Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, 08830 St. Boi de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, RedIAPP, 28013 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"P\u00e9rez-Aranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Psychological Research in Fibromyalgia &amp; Chronic Pain (AGORA), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Teaching, Research &amp; Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, 08830 St. Boi de Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, RedIAPP, 28013 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoni","family":"Rozadilla-Sacanell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, 08830 St. Boi de Llobregat, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3927-8803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"Arranz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, CIBERSAM, 08950 Sant Boi de llobregat, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5677-1662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Montero-Marin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, RedIAPP, 28013 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3797-4218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Garc\u00eda-Campayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network, RedIAPP, 28013 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Miguel Servet Hospital, Aragon Institute of Health Sciences (I+CS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Angarita-Osorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Psychological Research in Fibromyalgia &amp; 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