{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:52:43Z","timestamp":1785423163411,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":255,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CR\u00e8ME Project","award":["No number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No number"]}]},{"name":"TIMING Project","award":["No number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No number"]}]},{"name":"CISI-Lab Project","award":["No number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No number"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIAID","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U19AI104209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U19AI104209"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIAMS R01","award":["AR067145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AR067145"]}]},{"name":"NIAID R01","award":["AI132494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI132494"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001742","name":"United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017182"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001742","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The pathophysiological roles of mast cells are still not fully understood, over 140 years since their description by Paul Ehrlich in 1878. Initial studies have attempted to identify distinct \u201csubpopulations\u201d of mast cells based on a relatively small number of biochemical characteristics. More recently, \u201csubtypes\u201d of mast cells have been described based on the analysis of transcriptomes of anatomically distinct mouse mast cell populations. Although mast cells can potently alter homeostasis, in certain circumstances, these cells can also contribute to the restoration of homeostasis. Both solid and hematologic tumors are associated with the accumulation of peritumoral and\/or intratumoral mast cells, suggesting that these cells can help to promote and\/or limit tumorigenesis. We suggest that at least two major subsets of mast cells, MC1 (meaning anti-tumorigenic) and MC2 (meaning pro-tumorigenic), and\/or different mast cell mediators derived from otherwise similar cells, could play distinct or even opposite roles in tumorigenesis. Mast cells are also strategically located in the human myocardium, in atherosclerotic plaques, in close proximity to nerves and in the aortic valve. Recent studies have revealed evidence that cardiac mast cells can participate both in physiological and pathological processes in the heart. It seems likely that different subsets of mast cells, like those of cardiac macrophages, can exert distinct, even opposite, effects in different pathophysiological processes in the heart. In this chapter, we have commented on possible future needs of the ongoing efforts to identify the diverse functions of mast cells in health and disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20184397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T04:12:40Z","timestamp":1568002360000},"page":"4397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Future Needs in Mast Cell Biology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9285-4657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilda","family":"Varricchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, 80138 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"WAO Center of Excellence, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0347-2540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amato","family":"de Paulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, 80138 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"WAO Center of Excellence, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9849-4701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianni","family":"Marone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, 80138 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"WAO Center of Excellence, 80138 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology \u201cGaetano Salvatore\u201d (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5736-5340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5176, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ehrlich, P. 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