{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T22:50:22Z","timestamp":1792018222868,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,7]],"date-time":"2019-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SCHE692\/3-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCHE692\/3-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SCHE692\/4-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCHE692\/4-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EXC 1003 FF-2014-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC 1003 FF-2014-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FOR2107 AL1145\/5-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOR2107 AL1145\/5-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Strategic Research Fund of the Heinrich Heine University of Duesseldorf","award":["SFF - F 2012\/79-5 - Scheu"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFF - F 2012\/79-5 - Scheu"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010127","name":"J\u00fcrgen Manchot Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOI II"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOI II"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010127","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF, M\u00fcnster, Medical Faculty)","award":["Alf3\/018\/16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Alf3\/018\/16"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Viral infections are associated with increased incidence of severe sepsis. Particularly during the early stages, type I interferons (IFNs) are known mediators of detrimental effects. However, the functional role of early interferon \u03b2 (IFN\u03b2) and its cellular source during sepsis in the context of preexisting viral infections has not been defined. Using the colon ascendens stent peritonitis (CASP) model, we demonstrate that IFN\u03b2\u2212\/\u2212 and type I IFN receptor (IFNAR1)\u2212\/\u2212 mice were less susceptible to sepsis after pre-stimulation with the viral mimetic poly(I:C). Wild type (WT) mice treated with poly(I:C) exhibited altered expression patterns of TNF and IL-12p40 during CASP which were dependent on IFN\u03b2 or IFNAR1, suggesting a mechanism for the increased sepsis susceptibility of WT mice. Using a double cytokine reporter mouse model, we present novel data on the simultaneous expression of IFN\u03b2 and IL-12p40 on a single cell level during polymicrobial sepsis in vivo. Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) were identified as primary source of IFN\u03b2 and the protective cytokine IL-12p40 after CASP surgery irrespective of poly(I:C) pre-stimulation. These data demonstrated that if polymicrobial sepsis is preceded by a viral infection, IFN\u03b2 and IL-12p40 are expressed by polyfunctional cDCs suggesting that these cells can play both detrimental and beneficial roles during sepsis development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20184410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T04:12:40Z","timestamp":1568002360000},"page":"4410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Production of IFN\u03b2 by Conventional Dendritic Cells after Stimulation with Viral Compounds and IFN\u03b2-Independent IFNAR1-Signaling Pathways are Associated with Aggravation of Polymicrobial Sepsis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Howe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Schulze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Kropp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Locksley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Medicine and Microbiology\/Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Alferink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of M\u00fcnster, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Weighardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9707-8191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanie","family":"Scheu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-007-0934-2","article-title":"Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008","volume":"34","author":"Dellinger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra021333","article-title":"The pathophysiology and treatment of sepsis","volume":"348","author":"Hotchkiss","year":"2003","journal-title":"N. 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