{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T19:30:02Z","timestamp":1770233402955,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03DE025274 and R21DE026892"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03DE025274 and R21DE026892"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The goal of this study was to determine if adenovirus-delivered LOXL2 protects against progressive knee osteoarthritis (OA), assess its specific mechanism of action; and determine if the overexpression of LOXL2 in transgenic mice can protect against the development of OA-related cartilage damage and joint disability. Methods: Four-month-old Cho\/+ male and female mice were intraperitoneally injected with either Adv-RFP-LOXL2 or an empty vector twice a month for four months. The proteoglycan levels and the expression of anabolic and catabolic genes were examined by immunostaining and qRT-PCR. The effect of LOXL2 expression on signaling was tested via the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL1\u03b2 in the cartilage cell line ATDC5. Finally; the OA by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) injection was also induced in transgenic mice with systemic overexpression of LOXL2 and examined gene expression and joint function by treadmill tests and assessment of allodynia. Results: The adenovirus treatment upregulated LOXL2; Sox9; Acan and Runx2 expression in both males and females. The Adv-RFP-LOXL2 injection; but not the empty vector injection increased proteoglycan staining and aggrecan expression but reduced MMP13 expression. LOXL2 attenuated IL-1\u03b2-induced phospho-NF-\u03baB\/p65 and rescued chondrogenic lineage-related genes in ATDC5 cells; demonstrating one potential protective mechanism. LOXL2 attenuated phospho-NF-\u03baB independent of its enzymatic activity. Finally; LOXL2-overexpressing transgenic mice were protected from MIA-induced OA-related functional changes; including the time and distance traveled on the treadmill and allodynia. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that systemic LOXL2 adenovirus or LOXL2 genetic overexpression in mice can protect against OA. These findings demonstrate the potential for LOXL2 gene therapy for knee-OA clinical treatment in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20194798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T11:14:35Z","timestamp":1569582875000},"page":"4798","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Lysyl Oxidase-Like 2 Protects against Progressive and Aging Related Knee Joint Osteoarthritis in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Tashkandi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faiza","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saqer","family":"Alsaqer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thabet","family":"Alhousami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amparo","family":"Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas \u201cAlberto Sols\u201d CSIC-UAM, IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red C\u00e1ncer. Av Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabell\u00f3n 11, planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas \u201cAlberto Sols\u201d CSIC-UAM, IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red C\u00e1ncer. Av Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabell\u00f3n 11, planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Salvador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas \u201cAlberto Sols\u201d CSIC-UAM, IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red C\u00e1ncer. Av Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabell\u00f3n 11, planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Portillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas \u201cAlberto Sols\u201d CSIC-UAM, IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red C\u00e1ncer. Av Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabell\u00f3n 11, planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"C. Gerstenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary B.","family":"Goldring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4198-7377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manish V.","family":"Bais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21898","article-title":"Lifetime risk and age at diagnosis of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in the US","volume":"65","author":"Losina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-14-333","article-title":"Assessing the comparative effectiveness of Tai Chi versus physical therapy for knee osteoarthritis: Design and rationale for a randomized trial","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. 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