{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:12:20Z","timestamp":1788541940277,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["106-2320-B-212-001-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106-2320-B-212-001-MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Cheng Ching Hospital","award":["CCGH-DYU-106-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CCGH-DYU-106-004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has been used extensively as a food ingredient and medicinally, but the effect on asthmatic airway inflammation has not been studied in detail. We accordingly explored the protective effects exerted by various garlic fraction extracts against airway inflammation with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p)\u2013induced allergic asthma in vivo and in vitro. Garlic extraction was realized using n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, n-butanol, and water in sequence to obtain different fraction extracts. Mice were orally administered different fractions (80 mg\/kg) daily for four weeks. The histological results showed that the water fraction could ameliorate lung-based goblet cell hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration, and mucus hypersecretion. The water fraction extracts decreased IgE and IgG1, and they decreased inflammatory cells as quantified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); however, they increased IgG2a in serum. Moreover, the water fraction extracts increased IFN-\u03b3 and IL-12 (both constituting Th1 cytokines) in BALF, but they reduced IL-13, -4, and -5 (all constituting Th2 cytokines), and also inhibited the expression of IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and TNF-\u03b1. The water fraction also inhibited the PI3K\/Akt\/NF-\u03baB signal pathways in A549 cells. These findings suggest that water fraction extracts of garlic have a clear anti-inflammatory effect on Der p\u2013induced allergic asthma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20194879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T11:11:16Z","timestamp":1569928276000},"page":"4879","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Comparing the Protection Imparted by Different Fraction Extracts of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) against Der p\u2013Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Chia-Chen","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Division of Chest Medicine, Cheng Ching Hospital, No. 966, Sec. 4, Taiwan Road, Taichung 40764, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keng-Fan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Chun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, No. 168, University Road, Chunghua 30012, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaw-Tsan","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 289, Jianguo Road., Xindian District, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1852-2857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei-Sung","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Wufeng 41362, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Huang","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9550-9579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jen-Chieh","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, No. 168, University Road, Chunghua 30012, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.12.008","article-title":"The inhibitory role of hydrogen sulfide in airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in a mouse model of asthma","volume":"182","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. 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