{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T23:08:16Z","timestamp":1781305696865,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]],"date-time":"2019-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008431","name":"Consejer\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n, Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SA359U14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SA359U14"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008431","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n, Consejer\u00eda de Sanidad","award":["BIO\/SA66\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIO\/SA66\/15"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008061","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Mutua Madrile\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012 call"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012 call"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI17\/01979, DT15S\/00166 and PI15\/01055, PI14\/01776), co\u2010funded by FEDER and Retic (RD016\/0009\/0025) REDINREN-FEDER funds."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI17\/01979, DT15S\/00166 and PI15\/01055, PI14\/01776), co\u2010funded by FEDER and Retic (RD016\/0009\/0025) REDINREN-FEDER funds."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Iodinated contrast media (CM) are the leading cause of acute renal failure of toxic origin. Between 21% and 50% of patients that receive them develop contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). All prophylactic measures used so far have failed to provide effective prevention. Since oxidative stress is involved in the damage, a possible preventive strategy could be the administration of antioxidant substances, such as quercetin. This compound has shown renoprotective effects in experimental studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether quercetin may be helpful in preventing CIN in patients undergoing coronary catheterization. A clinical phase II study was conducted. Patients were distributed in two groups, namely, CM (patients who only received contrast media) and CM+Q (patients who were pretreated with quercetin orally for 3\u20135 days). Results showed less incidence of CIN in the CM+Q group, possibly due to glomerular protection, evidenced by a lower increase in serum creatinine and albuminuria; and a lower decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Furthermore, in this group, the relative risk of developing CIN observed in patients that received a high dose of contrast media was inferior. In conclusion, this is the first study that demonstrates that quercetin is a promising safe candidate in preventing CIN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20194961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]],"date-time":"2019-10-09T03:14:33Z","timestamp":1570590873000},"page":"4961","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Quercetin, a Promising Clinical Candidate for The Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Vicente-Vicente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Unit, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9051-0124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Calle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo Gin\u00e9s","family":"Casanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Unit, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Teresa","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Unit, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Unit, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Rama-Merch\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Mart\u00edn-Moreiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Mart\u00edn-Herrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1402-0526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Luis","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"L\u00f3pez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Unit, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Cruz-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6836-6138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Isabel","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology Unit, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Group of Translational Research on Renal and Cardiovascular Diseases (TRECARD), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-001-0186-5","article-title":"European Society of Urogenital Radiology guidelines on administering contrast media","volume":"28","author":"Morcos","year":"2003","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"362725","article-title":"Acute kidney injury by radiographic contrast media: Pathogenesis and prevention","volume":"2014","author":"Andreucci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.07.043","article-title":"Contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction","volume":"44","author":"Marenzi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000016043.87291.33","article-title":"Incidence and Prognostic Importance of Acute Renal Failure After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention","volume":"105","author":"Rihal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01745-X","article-title":"The impact of renal insufficiency on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions","volume":"39","author":"Best","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/578974","article-title":"Hemodynamic and Tubular Changes Induced by Contrast Media","volume":"2014","author":"Caiazza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-9-200911030-00008","article-title":"Systematic Review: Sodium Bicarbonate Treatment Regimens for the Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy","volume":"151","author":"Zoungas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199411243312104","article-title":"Effects of Saline, Mannitol, and Furosemide on Acute Decreases in Renal Function Induced by Radiocontrast Agents","volume":"331","author":"Solomon","year":"1994","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2012121169","article-title":"The RIP1-kinase inhibitor necrostatin-1 prevents osmotic nephrosis and contrast-induced AKI in mice","volume":"24","author":"Linkermann","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kft007","article-title":"Cardiotrophin-1 Administration Prevents the Renal Toxicity of Iodinated Contrast Media in Rats","volume":"132","author":"Quiros","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2014.03.030","article-title":"GSPE is superior to NAC in the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: Might this superiority be related to caspase 1 and calpain 1?","volume":"103","author":"Ulusoy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"171","article-title":"Eficacia y seguridad de la quercetina como complemento alimenticio","volume":"30","author":"Prieto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. De Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2005.09.006","article-title":"Effect of quercetin on metallothionein, nitric oxide synthases and cyclooxygenase-2 expression on experimental chronic cadmium nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"210","author":"Morales","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2006.07.012","article-title":"Protective effect of quercetin on experimental chronic cadmium nephrotoxicity in rats is based on its antioxidant properties","volume":"44","author":"Morales","year":"2006","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3484","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr195","article-title":"Quercetin reduces cisplatin nephrotoxicity in rats without compromising its anti-tumour activity","volume":"26","author":"Morales","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1080\/10715769800300501","article-title":"Inhibition of oxidant-induced lipid peroxidation in cultured renal tubular epithelial cells (LLC-PK1) by quercetin","volume":"29","author":"Kuhlmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199807270-00001","article-title":"Effect of bioflavonoids quercetin and curcumin on ischemic renal injury: A new class of renoprotective agents","volume":"66","author":"Shoskes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"S58","article-title":"Quercetin and Vitamin C Supplementation: Effects on Lipid Profile and Muscle Damage in Male Athletes","volume":"4","author":"Askari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125312445894","article-title":"The effects of quercetin supplementation on cognitive functioning in a community sample: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"2","author":"Canu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"272","article-title":"Effect of Grape Seed Extract and Quercetin on Cardiovascular and Endothelial Parameters in High-Risk Subjects","volume":"2004","author":"Clifton","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/128.3.593","article-title":"Supplementation with quercetin markedly increases plasma quercetin concentration without effect on selected risk factors for heart disease in healthy subjects","volume":"128","author":"Conquer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"S53","article-title":"Effect of eight weeks of quercetin supplementation on exercise performance, muscle damage and body muscle in male badminton players","volume":"4","author":"Daneshvar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.11.2405","article-title":"Quercetin reduces blood pressure in hypertensive subjects","volume":"137","author":"Edwards","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.9.1615","article-title":"Daily quercetin supplementation dose-dependently increases plasma quercetin concentrations in healthy humans","volume":"138","author":"Egert","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"659","article-title":"Phase I clinical trial of the flavonoid quercetin: Pharmacokinetics and evidence for in vivo tyrosine kinase inhibition","volume":"2","author":"Ferry","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"44","article-title":"Treatment of interstitial cystitis with a quercetin supplement","volume":"7","author":"Katske","year":"2001","journal-title":"Tech. Urol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2011.5.1.28","article-title":"Effects of daily quercetin-rich supplementation on cardiometabolic risks in male smokers","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(02)00185-X","article-title":"Intestinal anti-spasmodic effect of a phytodrug of Psidium guajava folia in the treatment of acute diarrheic disease","volume":"83","author":"Lozoya","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)00358-1","article-title":"Quercetin in men with category III chronic prostatitis: A preliminary prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"54","author":"Shoskes","year":"1999","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2014-306962","article-title":"Contrast-induced nephropathy following angiography and cardiac interventions","volume":"102","author":"Rear","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001674","article-title":"Microvascular endothelial dysfunction is associated with albuminuria: The Maastricht Study","volume":"36","author":"Martens","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327116637414","article-title":"Effects of quercetin on methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity in rats","volume":"36","author":"Yuksel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2520","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfl707","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine reduces urinary albumin excretion following contrast administration: Evidence of biological effect","volume":"22","author":"Levin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F626","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00004.2011","article-title":"Urine albumin as a biomarker in acute kidney injury","volume":"300","author":"Bolisetty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1995.32","article-title":"Nephrotoxicity of ionic and nonionic contrast media in 1196 patients: A randomized trial","volume":"47","author":"Rudnick","year":"1995","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198901193200304","article-title":"Contrast nephrotoxicity: A randomized controlled trial of a nonionic and an ionic radiographic contrast agent","volume":"320","author":"Schwab","year":"1989","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12632","article-title":"N-acteyl-\\s s-D-glucosaminidase and kidney injury molecule-1: New predictors for long-term progression of chronic kidney disease in patients with heart failure","volume":"21","author":"Jungbauer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nephrology"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40200-015-0133-6","article-title":"Urinary biomarker N-acetyl-\u03b2-D-glucosaminidase can predict severity of renal damage in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"14","author":"Sheira","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Metab. Disord."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002715","article-title":"Urinary biomarkers in the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury","volume":"73","author":"Han","year":"2008","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sirota, J.C., Klawitter, J., and Edelstein, C.L. (2019, April 10). Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury. Available online: https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jt\/2011\/328120\/.","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/328120"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3175","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2016.3779","article-title":"Expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in low osmolar contrast-induced nephropathy in rats and the effect of N-acetylcysteine","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3265","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp010","article-title":"Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1): A urinary biomarker and much more","volume":"24","author":"Bonventre","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transpl."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601624","article-title":"The relation between dietary flavonol intake and coronary heart disease mortality: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"57","author":"Huxley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.5049\/EBP.2008.6.1.35","article-title":"Renal Effects of Prostaglandins and Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Electrolytes Blood Press."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/62.6.1276","article-title":"Absorption of dietary quercetin glycosides and quercetin in healthy ileostomy volunteers","volume":"62","author":"Hollman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-145-4-200608150-00004","article-title":"Using standardized serum creatinine values in the modification of diet in renal disease study equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate","volume":"145","author":"Levey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.03.058","article-title":"Volume-to-creatinine clearance ratio: A pharmacokinetically based risk factor for prediction of early creatinine increase after percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"50","author":"Laskey","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2013.02.007","article-title":"Renal function\u2013based contrast dosing predicts acute kidney injury following transcatheter aortic valve implantation","volume":"6","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1159\/000430770","article-title":"Contrast medium-induced acute kidney injury","volume":"5","author":"Sadat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiorenal Med."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/20\/19\/4961\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:28:17Z","timestamp":1760189297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/20\/19\/4961"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms20194961"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20194961","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]]}}}