{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T01:22:56Z","timestamp":1782782576250,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81430099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81430099"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31500704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31500704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by symmetric polyarthritis with swelling and pain at synovial joints. In RA patients, delayed neutrophil apoptosis amplifies the inflammatory response and massively released neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) induce tissue damage and provide self-antigens. Andrographolide (AD) is the major active labdane diterpenoid derived from Andrographis paniculata, which has multiple pharmacological effects, including hepatoprotection, anti-angiogenesis, anti-thrombosis, and anti-inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of AD on an adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) murine model of RA and found that AD alleviated murine arthritis by reducing neutrophil infiltration and NETosis in the ankle joints and relieved the systematic inflammation. In vitro experiments showed that AD accelerated the apoptosis of lipopolysaccharide-activated neutrophils and inhibited autophagy-dependent extracellular traps formation of neutrophils. These findings suggest that AD has considerable potential for RA therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20205035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T10:53:03Z","timestamp":1570791183000},"page":"5035","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Andrographolide Ameliorates Rheumatoid Arthritis by Regulating the Apoptosis\u2013NETosis Balance of Neutrophils"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingqing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingyi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haixu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1846-0227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangrui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anlong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou 510275, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1004965","article-title":"The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"365","author":"McInnes","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J. 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