{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T21:20:26Z","timestamp":1792185626578,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]],"date-time":"2019-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) encodes three \u03b2-carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) that are crucial for the life cycle of the bacterium. The Mtb \u03b2-CAs have been cloned and characterized, and the catalytic activities of the enzymes have been studied. The crystal structures of two of the enzymes have been resolved. In vitro inhibition studies have been conducted using different classes of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs). In vivo inhibition studies of pathogenic bacteria containing \u03b2-CAs showed that \u03b2-CA inhibitors effectively inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria. The in vitro and in vivo studies clearly demonstrated that \u03b2-CAs of not only mycobacterial species, but also other pathogenic bacteria, can be targeted for developing novel antimycobacterial agents for treating tuberculosis and other microbial infections that are resistant to existing drugs. In this review, we present the molecular and structural data on three \u03b2-CAs of Mtb that will give us better insights into the roles of these enzymes in pathogenic bacterial species. We also present data from both in vitro inhibition studies using different classes of chemical compounds and in vivo inhibition studies focusing on M. marinum, a model organism and close relative of Mtb.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20205153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]],"date-time":"2019-10-17T11:07:59Z","timestamp":1571310479000},"page":"5153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Mycobacterium tuberculosis \u03b2-Carbonic Anhydrases: Novel Targets for Developing Antituberculosis Drugs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6938-7835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashok","family":"Aspatwar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5427-0175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Visvaldas","family":"Kairys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Saul\u0117tekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangeetha","family":"Rala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere University of Applied Sciences, Kuntokatu 3, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mataleena","family":"Parikka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5010-0355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murat","family":"Bozdag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1141-6146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Carta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4262-0323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudiu T.","family":"Supuran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. 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