{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:03:25Z","timestamp":1790363005737,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,19]],"date-time":"2019-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Stroke is the second-leading cause of death globally and the leading cause of disability in adults. Medical complications after stroke, especially infections such as pneumonia, are the leading cause of death in stroke survivors. Systemic immunodepression is considered to contribute to increased susceptibility to infections after stroke. Different experimental models have contributed significantly to the current knowledge of stroke pathophysiology and its consequences. Each model causes different changes in the cerebral microcirculation and local inflammatory responses after ischemia. The vast majority of studies which focused on the peripheral immune response to stroke employed the middle cerebral artery occlusion method. We review various experimental stroke models with regard to microcirculatory changes and discuss the impact on local and peripheral immune response for studies of CNS-injury (central nervous system injury) induced immunodepression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20205184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,21]],"date-time":"2019-10-21T03:40:29Z","timestamp":1571629229000},"page":"5184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Microcirculatory Changes in Experimental Models of Stroke and CNS-Injury Induced Immunodepression"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Lunardi Baccetto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6419-9168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"e38","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20132016 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association","volume":"133","author":"Mozaffarian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32152-9","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980\u20132016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","volume":"390","author":"Naghavi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000366","article-title":"Executive summary: Heart disease and stroke statistics-2016 update: A Report from the American Heart Association","volume":"133","author":"Mozaffarian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000416","article-title":"& Bushnell, C. 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