{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:24:35Z","timestamp":1791415475025,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,20]],"date-time":"2019-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012990","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Siena","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PSR-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSR-2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012990","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Synovial membrane inflammation actively participate to structural damage during osteoarthritis (OA). Adipokines, miRNA, and oxidative stress contribute to synovitis and cartilage destruction in OA. We investigated the relationship between visfatin, resistin and miRNA in oxidative stress regulation, in human OA synovial fibroblasts. Cultured cells were treated with visfatin and resistin. After 24 h, we evaluated various pro-inflammatory cytokines, metalloproteinases (MMPs), type II collagen (Col2a1), miR-34a, miR-146a, miR-181a, antioxidant enzymes, and B-cell lymphoma (BCL)2 by qRT-PCR, apoptosis and mitochondrial superoxide production by cytometry, p50 nuclear factor (NF)-\u03baB by immunofluorescence. Synoviocytes were transfected with miRNA inhibitors and oxidative stress evaluation after adipokines stimulus was performed. The implication of NF-\u03baB pathway was assessed by the use of a NF-\u03baB inhibitor (BAY-11-7082). Visfatin and resistin significantly up-regulated gene expression of interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1, MMP-1, MMP-13 and reduced Col2a1. Furthermore, adipokines induced apoptosis and superoxide production, the transcriptional levels of BCL2, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-2, catalase (CAT), nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (NRF2), miR-34a, miR-146a, and miR-181a. MiRNA inhibitors counteracted adipokines modulation of oxidative stress. Visfatin and resistin effects were suppressed by BAY-11-7082. Our data suggest that miRNA may represent possible mediators of oxidative stress induced by visfatin and resistin via NF-\u03baB pathway in human OA synoviocytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20205200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,21]],"date-time":"2019-10-21T03:40:29Z","timestamp":1571629229000},"page":"5200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["MicroRNA Mediate Visfatin and Resistin Induction of Oxidative Stress in Human Osteoarthritic Synovial Fibroblasts Via NF-\u03baB Pathway"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Cheleschi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria senese, Policlinico Le Scotte, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria senese, Policlinico Le Scotte, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9869-9814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcella","family":"Barbarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Giannotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Section of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0684-4197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Mondanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Section of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Giordano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Tenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria senese, Policlinico Le Scotte, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7325-5579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Fioravanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria senese, Policlinico Le Scotte, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31678-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"388","author":"Vos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2016.02.009","article-title":"New developments in osteoarthritis and cartilage biology","volume":"28","author":"Poulet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2010.159","article-title":"The role of synovitis in pathophysiology and clinical symptoms of osteoarthritis","volume":"6","author":"Sellam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2012.02.012","article-title":"The role of synovitis in osteoarthritis pathogenesis","volume":"51","author":"Scanzello","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sachdeva, M., Aggarwal, A., Sharma, R., Randhawa, A., Sahni, D., Jacob, J., Sharma, V., and Aggarwal, A. (2019). Chronic inflammation during osteoarthritis is associated with an increased expression of CD161 during advanced stage. Scand J. Immunol, e12770.","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12770"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.49","article-title":"Adipokines in bone disease","volume":"12","author":"Neumann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"5468023","article-title":"Adipokine Contribution to the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis","volume":"2017","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1080\/03009742.2016.1188981","article-title":"Increased serum leptin and visfatin levels in patients with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: A comparative study","volume":"46","author":"Tenti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand J. Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1080\/1354750X.2017.1401665","article-title":"Can adipokines serum levels be used as biomarkers of hand osteoarthritis?","volume":"23","author":"Fioravanti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carri\u00f3n, M., Frommer, K.W., P\u00e9rez-Garc\u00eda, S., M\u00fcller-Ladner, U., Gomariz, R.P., and Neumann, E. (2019). The Adipokine Network in Rheumatic Joint Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20174091"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2013.05.006","article-title":"Pre-B cell colony enhancing factor (PBEF), a cytokine with multiple physiological functions","volume":"24","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth F. R."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.054734","article-title":"Resistin in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue, synovial fluid and serum","volume":"66","author":"Senolt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-015-0977-y","article-title":"Circulating levels of adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin after mud-bath therapy in patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis","volume":"59","author":"Fioravanti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Biometeorol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-016-0743-1","article-title":"The current progress in understanding the molecular functions and mechanisms of visfatin in osteoarthritis","volume":"34","author":"Liao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Metab."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-1103-1","article-title":"Synovial fluid adipokines are associated with clinical severity in knee osteoarthritis: A cross-sectional study in female patients with joint effusion","volume":"18","author":"Calvet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27473","article-title":"Resistin induces expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in human articular chondrocytes via transcription and messenger RNA stabilization","volume":"62","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheleschi, S., Giordano, N., Volpi, N., Tenti, S., Gallo, I., Di Meglio, M., Giannotti, S., and Fioravanta, A. (2018). A Complex Relationship between Visfatin and Resistin and microRNA: An In Vitro Study on Human Chondrocyte Cultures. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19123909"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, M.H., Tsai, C.H., Huang, Y.L., Fong, Y.C., and Tang, C.H. (2018). Visfatin Promotes IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 Production in Human Synovial Fibroblasts by Repressing miR-199a-5p through ERK, p38 and JNK Signaling Pathways. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19010190"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.33594\/000000029","article-title":"Resistin Enhances Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Production in Human Synovial Fibroblasts and Facilitates Monocyte Migration","volume":"52","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E198","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00179.2010","article-title":"(2010) Roles for miRNA-378\/378* in adipocyte gene expression and lipogenesis","volume":"299","author":"Gerin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9077","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26523","article-title":"Potential role of microRNAs in the regulation of adipocytes liposecretion and adipose tissue physiology","volume":"233","author":"Maurizi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malemud, C.J. (2018). MicroRNAs and Osteoarthritis. Cells, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells7080092"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u00edaz-Prado, S., Cicione, C., Mui\u00f1os-L\u00f3pez, E., Hermida-G\u00f3mez, T., Oreiro, N., Fern\u00e1ndez-L\u00f3pez, C., and Blanco, F.J. (2012). Characterization of microRNA expression profiles in normal and osteoarthritic human chondrocytes. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-13-144"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"518","article-title":"Do MicroRNAs have a key epigenetic role in osteoarthritis and in mechanotransduction?","volume":"35","author":"Cheleschi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheleschi, S., De Palma, A., Pecorelli, A., Pascarelli, N.A., Valacchi, G., Belmonte, G., Carta, S., Galeazzi, M., and Fioravanti, A. (2017). Hydrostatic Pressure Regulates MicroRNA Expression Levels in Osteoarthritic Chondrocyte Cultures via the Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin Pathway. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18010133"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12309","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28020","article-title":"Epigenetics in osteoarthritis: Novel spotlight","volume":"234","author":"Fathollahi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheleschi, S., De Palma, A., Pascarelli, N.A., Giordano, N., Galeazzi, M., Tenti, S., and Fioravanti, A. (2017). Could Oxidative Stress Regulate the Expression of MicroRNA-146a and MicroRNA-34a in Human Osteoarthritic Chondrocyte Cultures?. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18122660"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2398696","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2398696","article-title":"MicroRNA Regulation of Oxidative Stress-Induced Cellular Senescence","volume":"2017","author":"Bu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"306","article-title":"Fibroblast-like synoviocytes from fluid and synovial membrane from primary osteoarthritis demonstrate similar production of interleukin 6, and metalloproteinases 1 and 3","volume":"37","author":"Machado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4422","article-title":"An emerging player in knee osteoarthritis: The infrapatellar fat pad","volume":"15","author":"Kloppenburg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1937","article-title":"Adipocytokines: Mediators linking adipose tissue, inflammation and immunity","volume":"6","author":"Tilg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.01.002","article-title":"Association between adiponectin and cartilage degradation in human osteoarthritis","volume":"22","author":"Francin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartilage"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25644","article-title":"Low Shear Stress Attenuates COX-2 Expression Induced by Resistin in Human Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes","volume":"232","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R38","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4467","article-title":"Expression and function of visfatin (Nampt), an adipokine-enzyme involved in inflammatory pathways of osteoarthritis","volume":"16","author":"Laiguillon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2018.10.002","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory cytokines: The link between obesity and osteoarthritis","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth F. R."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"109","article-title":"Synthesis of metalloproteases and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in human osteoarthritic synovial membrane is an IL-1 mediated process","volume":"43","author":"Pelletier","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.2174\/1573397113666170427125918","article-title":"Synovial Fluid and Serum Concentrations of Inflammatory Markers in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis and Osteoarthitis: A Systematic Review","volume":"13","author":"Altobelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-017-1472-0","article-title":"Resistin upregulates chemokine production by fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"19","author":"Sato","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-009-0887-6","article-title":"Proteinases involved in matrix turnover during cartilage and bone breakdown","volume":"339","author":"Cawston","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2011.06.020","article-title":"Proteases involved in cartilage matrix degradation in osteoarthritis","volume":"1824","author":"Troeberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-013-0189-z","article-title":"Urokinase plasminogen activator system in synovial fibroblasts from osteoarthritis patients: Modulation by inflammatory mediators and neuropeptides","volume":"52","author":"Jimeno","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2016.05.017","article-title":"Healthy and Osteoarthritic Synovial Fibroblasts Produce a Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs 4, 5, 7, and 12: Induction by IL-1\u03b2 and Fibronectin and Contribution to Cartilage Damage","volume":"186","author":"Seoane","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e328349c2b1","article-title":"Inflammation in osteoarthritis","volume":"23","author":"Goldring","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28378","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.312884","article-title":"Visfatin\/pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF), a proinflammatory and cell motility-changing factor in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"287","author":"Meier","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26035","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161125943","article-title":"Chondrocyte Apoptosis in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis","volume":"16","author":"Hwang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-007-0070-z","article-title":"Involvement of PDCD5 in the regulation of apoptosis in fibroblast-like synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4644(19981101)71:2<302::AID-JCB14>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Evidence of a direct role for Bcl-2 in the regulation of articular chondrocyte apoptosis under the conditions of serum withdrawal and retinoic acid treatment","volume":"71","author":"Feng","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"841","article-title":"Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 upregulation by calreticulin promotes apoptosis resistance of fibroblast-like synoviocytes via activation of PI3K\/Akt and STAT3 pathways in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"36","author":"Jiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2017.3048","article-title":"Visfatin induces the apoptosis of endothelial progenitor cells via the induction of pro-inflammatory mediators through the NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"40","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13407","article-title":"Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in osteoarthritis: Can NRF2 counteract these partners in crime?","volume":"1401","author":"Marchev","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-019-02851-0","article-title":"NRF2 orchestrates the redox regulation induced by radiation therapy, sustaining embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cells radioresistance","volume":"145","author":"Marampon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6392763","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6392763","article-title":"The Role of the Antioxidant Response in Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Degenerative Diseases: Cross-Talk between Antioxidant Defense, Autophagy, and Apoptosis","volume":"2019","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.015","article-title":"PKC\u03b5 mediates resistin-induced NADPH oxidase activation and inflammation leading to smooth muscle cell dysfunction and intimal hyperplasia","volume":"253","author":"Raghuraman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.239475","article-title":"Activation of Nrf2-Antioxidant Signaling by 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol Prevents Leptin-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Human Endothelial Cells","volume":"147","author":"Teixeira","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.33594\/000000098","article-title":"Visfatin Promotes Monocyte Adhesion by Upregulating ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 Expression in Endothelial Cells via Activation of p38-PI3K-Akt Signaling and Subsequent ROS Production and IKK\/NF-\u03baB Activation","volume":"52","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheleschi, S., Tenti, S., Mondanelli, N., Corallo, C., Barbarino, M., Giannotti, S., Gallo, I., Giordano, A., and Fioravanti, A. (2019). MicroRNA-34a and MicroRNA-181a Mediate Visfatin-Induced Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress via NF-\u03baB Pathway in Human Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8080874"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, Y.H. (2019). MicroRNA Networks Modulate Oxidative Stress in Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20184497"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2016.2618","article-title":"MicroRNA-34a affects chondrocyte apoptosis and proliferation by targeting the SIRT1\/p53 signaling pathway during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis","volume":"38","author":"Yan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq247","article-title":"Silencing microRNA-34a inhibits chondrocyte apoptosis in a rat osteoarthritis model in vitro","volume":"49","author":"Abouheif","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34334","article-title":"Down-regulation of microRNA-34a* in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts promotes apoptosis resistance","volume":"64","author":"Niederer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"1134","article-title":"Downregulation of microRNA-34a inhibits oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells","volume":"42","author":"Zhong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-011-0536-2","article-title":"Changes in microRNA expression in peripheral mononuclear cells according to the progression of osteoarthritis","volume":"22","author":"Okuhara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mod. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.03.020","article-title":"MicroRNA-181a\/b-1 over-expression enhances osteogenesis by modulating PTEN\/PI3K\/AKT signaling and mitochondrial metabolism","volume":"123","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-016-0045-x","article-title":"Down-regulation of miR-181a can reduce heat stress damage in PBMCs of Holstein cows","volume":"52","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. Anim."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/66842","article-title":"Role of miR-181a in the process of apoptosis of multiple malignant tumors: A literature review","volume":"27","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24404","article-title":"Expression of microRNA-146a in osteoarthritis cartilage","volume":"60","author":"Yamasaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2010.02383.x","article-title":"MicroRNA-146a and human disease","volume":"71","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00478","article-title":"MicroRNA-146a: A Comprehensive Indicator of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Status Induced in the Brain of Chronic T2DM Rats","volume":"9","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R75","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3798","article-title":"miR-146a, an IL-1\u03b2 responsive miRNA, induces vascular endothelial growth factor and chondrocyte apoptosis by targeting Smad4","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2013.09.008","article-title":"Histone deacetylase inhibitors increase microRNA-146a expression and enhance negative regulation of interleukin-1\u03b2 signaling in osteoarthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartilage"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s10528-015-9693-x","article-title":"MiR-34a is Involved in the Decrease of ATP Contents Induced by Resistin Through Target on ATP5S in HepG2 Cells","volume":"53","author":"Wen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Genet."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2017.7328","article-title":"MicroRNAs regulating reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"29","author":"Gong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2016.11.014","article-title":"Hydroxytyrosol modulates the levels of microRNA-9 and its target sirtuin-1 thereby counteracting oxidative stress-induced chondrocyte death","volume":"25","author":"Cetrullo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartilage"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ji, G., Lv, K., Chen, H., Wang, T., Wang, Y., Zhao, D., Qu, L., and Li, Y. (2013). MiR-146a regulates SOD2 expression in H2O2 stimulated PC12 cells. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069351"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960362","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/960362","article-title":"Effects of downregulation of microRNA-181a on H2O2-induced H9c2 cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway","volume":"2014","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35871","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35871","article-title":"Oxidative stress dependent microRNA-34a activation via PI3K\u03b1 reduces the expression of sirtuin-1 and sirtuin-6 in epithelial cells","volume":"6","author":"Baker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, X., Gao, Y., Qin, J., and Lu, S. (2014). The role of miR-34a in the hepatoprotective effect of hydrogen sulfide on ischemia\/reperfusion injury in young and old rats. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113305"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.08.018","article-title":"The NF-\u03baB signaling pathway in osteoarthritis","volume":"45","author":"Rigoglou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.12.012","article-title":"30 Years of NF-\u03baB: A blossoming of relevance to human pathobiology","volume":"168","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17242","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms151017242","article-title":"Resistin stimulates expression of chemokine genes in chondrocytes via combinatorial regulation of C\/EBP\u03b2 and NF-\u03baB","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1159\/000475772","article-title":"Increased Visfatin Expression Is Associated with Nuclear Factor-\u03baB in Obese Ovalbumin-Sensitized Male Wistar Rat Tracheae","volume":"26","author":"Aslani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Princ. Pract."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1500267","article-title":"Roles of microRNA and signaling pathway in osteoarthritis pathogenesis","volume":"17","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780290816","article-title":"Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis. Classification of osteoarthritis of the knee. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee of the American Rheumatism Association","volume":"29","author":"Altman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23431","article-title":"Crucial role of visfatin\/pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor in matrix degradation and prostaglandin E2 synthesis in chondrocytes: Possible influence on osteoarthritis","volume":"58","author":"Gosset","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)01423-4","article-title":"Assumption-free analysis of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) data","volume":"339","author":"Ramakers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45","article-title":"A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real RT-PCR","volume":"29","author":"Pfaffl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleic Acid Res."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"research0034.1","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2002-3-7-research0034","article-title":"Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes","volume":"3","author":"Vandesompele","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.08.025","article-title":"In vitro comprehensive analysis of VA692 a new chemical entity for the treatment of osteoarthritis","volume":"64","author":"Cheleschi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.10.004","article-title":"Methylsulfonylmethane and mobilee prevent negative effect of IL-1\u03b2 in human chondrocyte cultures via NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"65","author":"Cheleschi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/20\/20\/5200\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:27:59Z","timestamp":1760189279000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/20\/20\/5200"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,20]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms20205200"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20205200","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,20]]}}}