{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:35:38Z","timestamp":1790674538868,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]],"date-time":"2019-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["102758?Z\/13\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102758?Z\/13\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012156","name":"Genesis research trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P64354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P64354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Liver X receptors (LXRs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors acting as \u2018cholesterol sensors\u2019 to regulate lipid homeostasis in cells. The two isoforms, LXR\u03b1 (NR1H3) and LXR\u03b2 (NR1H2), are differentially expressed, with the former expressed predominantly in metabolically active tissues and the latter more ubiquitously. Both are activated by oxidised cholesterol metabolites, endogenously produced oxysterols. LXRs have important roles in lipid metabolism and inflammation, plus a number of newly emerging roles. They are implicated in regulating lipid balance in normal male reproductive function and may provide a link between male infertility and lipid disorders and\/or obesity. Studies from Lxr knockout mouse models provide compelling evidence to support this. More recently published data suggest distinct and overlapping roles of the LXR isoforms in the testis and recent evidence of a role for LXRs in human male fertility. This review summarises the current literature and explores the likely link between LXR, lipid metabolism and male fertility as part of a special issue on Liver X receptors in International Journal of Molecular Sciences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20215379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T05:18:26Z","timestamp":1572499106000},"page":"5379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Liver X Receptors and Male (In)fertility"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Sheba","family":"Jarvis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women and Children\u2019s Health, King\u2019s College London, London SE1 9UL, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7533-0552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte L","family":"Bevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1126\/science.294.5548.1866","article-title":"Nuclear receptors and lipid physiology: Opening the X-files","volume":"294","author":"Chawla","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.9.9.1033","article-title":"LXR, a nuclear receptor that defines a distinct retinoid response pathway","volume":"9","author":"Willy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1038\/383728a0","article-title":"An oxysterol signalling pathway mediated by the nuclear receptor LXR alpha","volume":"383","author":"Janowski","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.03.012","article-title":"Nuclear receptors, RXR, and the big bang","volume":"157","author":"Evans","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2017.07.010","article-title":"The challenges and promise of targeting the Liver X Receptors for treatment of inflammatory disease","volume":"181","author":"Fessler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol. 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