{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:17:39Z","timestamp":1790162259448,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":163,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["407711\/2012-0; 401805\/2015-8, and 421803\/2017-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["407711\/2012-0; 401805\/2015-8, and 421803\/2017-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz","award":["Institutional Funding."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Institutional Funding."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Muscular dystrophies (MD) are a group of genetic diseases that lead to skeletal muscle wasting and may affect many organs (multisystem). Unfortunately, no curative therapies are available at present for MD patients, and current treatments mainly address the symptoms. Thus, stem-cell-based therapies may present hope for improvement of life quality and expectancy. Different stem cell types lead to skeletal muscle regeneration and they have potential to be used for cellular therapies, although with several limitations. In this review, we propose a combination of genetic, biochemical, and cell culture treatments to correct pathogenic genetic alterations and to increase proliferation, dispersion, fusion, and differentiation into new or hybrid myotubes. These boosted stem cells can also be injected into pretreate recipient muscles to improve engraftment. We believe that this combination of treatments targeting the limitations of stem-cell-based therapies may result in safer and more efficient therapies for MD patients. Matricryptins have also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20215433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T12:38:23Z","timestamp":1572525503000},"page":"5433","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Promising Future for Stem-Cell-Based Therapies in Muscular Dystrophies\u2014In Vitro and In Vivo Treatments to Boost Cellular Engraftment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Gois Beghini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Inova\u00e7\u00f5es em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Iwao Horita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Inova\u00e7\u00f5es em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liana","family":"Monteiro da Fonseca Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz","family":"Anastacio Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Comunica\u00e7\u00e3o Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanneboyina","family":"Nagaraju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, New York, NY 13902, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9136-240X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Henriques-Pons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Inova\u00e7\u00f5es em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) 21040-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1159\/000369343","article-title":"Prevalence of muscular dystrophies: A systematic literature review","volume":"43","author":"Theadom","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70204-1","article-title":"The myotonic dystrophies: Molecular, clinical, and therapeutic challenges","volume":"11","author":"Udd","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2004.00919.x","article-title":"Recurrent posterior capsular opacification and capsulorhexis contracture after cataract surgery in myotonic dystrophy","volume":"32","author":"Garrott","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2004.12.003","article-title":"Temperament and character in patients with classical myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM-1)","volume":"15","author":"Winblad","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529609009145","article-title":"Gastrointestinal symptoms in myotonic dystrophy","volume":"31","author":"Forsberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takeshima, K., Ariyasu, H., Ishibashi, T., Kawai, S., Uraki, S., Koh, J., Ito, H., and Akamizu, T. (2018). Myotonic dystrophy type 1 with diabetes mellitus, mixed hypogonadism and adrenal insufficiency. Endocrinol. Diabetes. Metab. Case Rep., 2018.","DOI":"10.1530\/EDM-17-0143"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-045031-5.00015-3","article-title":"Myotonic dystrophy types 1 and 2","volume":"101","author":"Ashizawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2017.12.006","article-title":"Childhood-onset form of myotonic dystrophy type 1 and autism spectrum disorder: Is there comorbidity?","volume":"28","author":"Angeard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"385","article-title":"Molecular basis of myotonic dystrophy: Expansion of a trinucleotide (CTG) repeat at the 3\u2019 end of a transcript encoding a protein kinase family member","volume":"69","author":"Brook","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00349","article-title":"Small Molecules Which Improve Pathogenesis of Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1","volume":"9","author":"Brook","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-018-00679-z","article-title":"Myotonic Dystrophies: Targeting Therapies for Multisystem Disease","volume":"15","author":"LoRusso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000054481.84978.F9","article-title":"Myotonic dystrophy type 2: Molecular, diagnostic and clinical spectrum","volume":"60","author":"Day","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1062125","article-title":"Myotonic dystrophy type 2 caused by a CCTG expansion in intron 1 of ZNF9","volume":"293","author":"Liquori","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.2174\/138920210790886844","article-title":"Myotonic dystrophies 1 and 2: Complex diseases with complex mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Schoser","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Genomics."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1038\/570","article-title":"Genetic mapping of a second myotonic dystrophy locus","volume":"19","author":"Ranum","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00692226","article-title":"Nuclear inclusions in oculopharyngeal dystrophy","volume":"49","author":"Fardeau","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0298-164","article-title":"Short GCG expansions in the PABP2 gene cause oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy","volume":"18","author":"Brais","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3705","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdg347","article-title":"Stimulation of poly(A) polymerase through a direct interaction with the nuclear poly(A) binding protein allosterically regulated by RNA","volume":"22","author":"Kerwitz","year":"2003","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2005.09.002","article-title":"An essential cytoplasmic function for the nuclear poly(A) binding protein, PABP2, in poly(A) tail length control and early development in Drosophila","volume":"9","author":"Benoit","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bresson, S.M., and Conrad, N.K. (2013). The human nuclear poly(a)-binding protein promotes RNA hyperadenylation and decay. PLoS Genet., 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003893"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14848","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14848","article-title":"PABPN1 gene therapy for oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy","volume":"8","author":"Malerba","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.01.016","article-title":"Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy: Potential therapies for an aggregate-associated disorder","volume":"38","author":"Davies","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.201000109","article-title":"Antiprion drugs 6-aminophenanthridine and guanabenz reduce PABPN1 toxicity and aggregation in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy","volume":"3","author":"Barbezier","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.29.4.338","article-title":"Unusual type of benign x-linked muscular dystrophy","volume":"29","author":"Emery","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040827","article-title":"Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy","volume":"19","author":"Zacharias","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5200744","article-title":"Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy","volume":"10","author":"Bonne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61897-2","article-title":"Muscular dystrophies","volume":"381","author":"Mercuri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"1","article-title":"Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy: The most recognizable laminopathy","volume":"54","year":"2016","journal-title":"Folia Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1294-323","article-title":"Identification of a novel X-linked gene responsible for Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy","volume":"8","author":"Bione","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/7.5.855","article-title":"Mutations in Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy and their effects on emerin protein expression","volume":"7","author":"Manilal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200008)48:2<170::AID-ANA6>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Clinical and molecular genetic spectrum of autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy due to mutations of the lamin A\/C gene","volume":"48","author":"Bonne","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1159\/000477309","article-title":"Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy-Associated Mutant Forms of Lamin A Recruit the Stress Responsive Protein Ankrd2 into the Nucleus, Affecting the Cellular Response to Oxidative Stress","volume":"42","author":"Angori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000261254.87181.80","article-title":"Phenotypic clustering of lamin A\/C mutations in neuromuscular patients","volume":"69","author":"Benedetti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2816","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddm238","article-title":"Nesprin-1 and -2 are involved in the pathogenesis of Emery Dreifuss muscular dystrophy and are critical for nuclear envelope integrity","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2013.12.009","article-title":"Lamina-associated polypeptide (LAP)2\u03b1 and nucleoplasmic lamins in adult stem cell regulation and disease","volume":"29","author":"Gesson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2009.07.015","article-title":"Mutations of the FHL1 gene cause Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy","volume":"85","author":"Gueneau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2008.06.365","article-title":"Cardiac assessment of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2I patients: An echography, Holter ECG and magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"18","author":"Wahbi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2013.12.011","article-title":"Diagnostic approach to the congenital muscular dystrophies","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000375","article-title":"Limb girdle muscular dystrophies: Classification, clinical spectrum and emerging therapies","volume":"29","author":"Vissing","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20642","article-title":"Clinical, molecular, and protein correlations in a large sample of genetically diagnosed Italian limb girdle muscular dystrophy patients","volume":"29","author":"Guglieri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum. Mutat."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26077","article-title":"Untangling the complexity of limb-girdle muscular dystrophies","volume":"58","author":"Liewluck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7874","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27907","article-title":"Prevalence, pathological mechanisms, and genetic basis of limb-girdle muscular dystrophies: A review","volume":"234","author":"Taghizadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-8966(91)90094-9","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy","volume":"1","author":"Padberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"1916","article-title":"Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy","volume":"22","author":"Statland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Continuum. Minneap. Minn."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/2.12.2037","article-title":"FSHD associated DNA rearrangements are due to deletions of integral copies of a 3.2 kb tandemly repeated unit","volume":"2","author":"Wijmenga","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-018-00675-3","article-title":"Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy: Update on Pathogenesis and Future Treatments","volume":"15","author":"Hamel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2454","article-title":"Digenic inheritance of an SMCHD1 mutation and an FSHD-permissive D4Z4 allele causes facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy type 2","volume":"44","author":"Lemmers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2624","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.217091","article-title":"Genetic and Clinical Advances of Congenital Muscular Dystrophy","volume":"130","author":"Fu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J. Engl."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23548","article-title":"The ever-expanding spectrum of congenital muscular dystrophies","volume":"72","author":"Mercuri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-016-0289-9","article-title":"Congenital muscular dystrophy: From muscle to brain","volume":"42","author":"Falsaperla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ital. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001416","article-title":"Evidence-based guideline summary: Evaluation, diagnosis, and management of congenital muscular dystrophy: Report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Issues Review Panel of the American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine","volume":"84","author":"Kang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2012.09.021","article-title":"Distal myopathies","volume":"169","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Neurol. Paris"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26332","article-title":"The unfolding spectrum of inherited distal myopathies","volume":"59","author":"Milone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Muscle Ner."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70271-6","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 1: Diagnosis, and pharmacological and psychosocial management","volume":"9","author":"Bushby","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-017-0631-3","article-title":"The burden, epidemiology, costs and treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: An evidence review","volume":"12","author":"Ryder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orphanet J. Rare Dis."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90579-4","article-title":"Dystrophin: The protein product of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy locus","volume":"51","author":"Hoffman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"291","article-title":"Function and genetics of dystrophin and dystrophin-related proteins in muscle","volume":"82","author":"Blake","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12868","article-title":"Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"51","author":"Yiu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Paediatr. Child. Health"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakamura, A. (2019). Mutation-Based Therapeutic Strategies for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: From Genetic Diagnosis to Therapy. J. Pers. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm9010016"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"813","article-title":"Current Challenges and Future Directions in Recombinant AAV-Mediated Gene Therapy of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy","volume":"6","author":"Okada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharm. Basel"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3460","article-title":"Therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Renewed optimism from genetic approaches","volume":"14","author":"Fairclough","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S93873","article-title":"Current and emerging treatment strategies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"12","author":"Mah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2014.05.002","article-title":"Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies","volume":"32","author":"Flanigan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurol Clin."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1329199","article-title":"The muscular dystrophies","volume":"32","author":"Flanigan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14452","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1508520112","article-title":"Regenerative medicine: Current therapies and future directions","volume":"112","author":"Mao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-015-9618-4","article-title":"Stem Cell Differentiation Toward the Myogenic Lineage for Muscle Tissue Regeneration: A Focus on Muscular Dystrophy","volume":"11","author":"Ostrovidov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem. Cell Rev."},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"235","article-title":"Cell therapy of primary myopathies","volume":"143","author":"Sampaolesi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Ital. De Biol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2015.139","article-title":"Cellular Therapies for Muscular Dystrophies: Frustrations and Clinical Successes","volume":"27","author":"Negroni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/62.9.951","article-title":"Resetting the problem of cell death following muscle-derived cell transplantation: Detection, dynamics and mechanisms","volume":"62","author":"Skuk","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E9182","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1808648115","article-title":"Engineered DNA plasmid reduces immunity to dystrophin while improving muscle force in a model of gene therapy of Duchenne dystrophy","volume":"115","author":"Ho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Danisovic, L., Culenova, M., and Csobonyeiova, M. (2018). Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Modeling and Therapy. Cells, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells7120253"},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"128","article-title":"Myoblast transfer therapy: Is there any light at the end of the tunnel?","volume":"24","author":"Mouly","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Myol. Myopathies Cardiomyopathies J. Mediterr. Soc. Myol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2005.09.001","article-title":"Myogenic stem cells: Regeneration and cell therapy in human skeletal muscle","volume":"54","author":"Negroni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pathol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2008.0253","article-title":"Pulmonary passage is a major obstacle for intravenous stem cell delivery: The pulmonary first-pass effect","volume":"18","author":"Fischer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ortiz-Vitali, J.L., and Darabi, R. (2019). iPSCs as a Platform for Disease Modeling, Drug Screening, and Personalized Therapy in Muscular Dystrophies. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8010020"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00318695","article-title":"Identification of skeletal muscle precursor cells in vivo by use of MyoD1 and myogenin probes","volume":"267","author":"Grounds","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4251","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.12083","article-title":"Perspectives of stem cell therapy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"280","author":"Meregalli","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2006-0746","article-title":"Clonal multipotency of skeletal muscle-derived stem cells between mesodermal and ectodermal lineage","volume":"25","author":"Tamaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dayton. Ohio."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2003.08.001","article-title":"Mesoangioblasts--vascular progenitors for extravascular mesodermal tissues","volume":"13","author":"Cossu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2007.09.016","article-title":"Restoration of human dystrophin following transplantation of exon-skipping-engineered DMD patient stem cells into dystrophic mice","volume":"1","author":"Benchaouir","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5411.143","article-title":"Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"284","author":"Pittenger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2025","article-title":"Identification and characterization of a non-satellite cell muscle resident progenitor during postnatal development","volume":"12","author":"Mitchell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.07.022","article-title":"Systemic delivery of allogenic muscle stem cells induces long-term muscle repair and clinical efficacy in duchenne muscular dystrophy dogs","volume":"179","author":"Rouger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_84","first-page":"2773","article-title":"The meso-angioblast: A multipotent, self-renewing cell that originates from the dorsal aorta and differentiates into most mesodermal tissues","volume":"129","author":"Minasi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev. Camb. Engl."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05282","article-title":"Mesoangioblast stem cells ameliorate muscle function in dystrophic dogs","volume":"444","author":"Sampaolesi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140ra189","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003541","article-title":"Transplantation of genetically corrected human iPSC-derived progenitors in mice with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy","volume":"4","author":"Tedesco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Trans. Med."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e328357f288","article-title":"Stem cell therapies for muscle disorders","volume":"25","author":"Tedesco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5013","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V90.12.5013","article-title":"A novel five-transmembrane hematopoietic stem cell antigen: Isolation, characterization, and molecular cloning","volume":"90","author":"Miraglia","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI20325","article-title":"Human circulating AC133(+) stem cells restore dystrophin expression and ameliorate function in dystrophic skeletal muscle","volume":"114","author":"Torrente","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14720","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.26.14720","article-title":"Direct isolation of human central nervous system stem cells","volume":"97","author":"Uchida","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2009.167","article-title":"In vivo myogenic potential of human CD133+ muscle-derived stem cells: A quantitative study","volume":"17","author":"Negroni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. J. Am. Soc. Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_92","first-page":"2857","article-title":"VCAM-1 expression on dystrophic muscle vessels has a critical role in the recruitment of human blood-derived CD133+ stem cells after intra-arterial transplantation","volume":"108","author":"Gavina","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1517\/14712591003610606","article-title":"Potential therapeutic applications of muscle-derived mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells","volume":"10","author":"Jackson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.22-4-617","article-title":"Skeletal myogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human umbilical cord blood","volume":"22","author":"Gang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dayt. Ohio"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1905","article-title":"Bone marrow stromal cells attenuate sepsis via prostaglandin E(2)-dependent reprogramming of host macrophages to increase their interleukin-10 production","volume":"15","author":"Nemeth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2009.10.006","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells as anti-inflammatories: Implications for treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"260","author":"Ichim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200212064","article-title":"Skeletal muscle repair by adult human mesenchymal stem cells from synovial membrane","volume":"160","author":"Vandenabeele","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4036","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.12372","article-title":"Lying low but ready for action: The quiescent muscle satellite cell","volume":"280","author":"Montarras","year":"2013","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1419406","article-title":"Muscle stem cells in development, regeneration, and disease","volume":"20","author":"Shi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00066-0","article-title":"Pax7 is required for the specification of myogenic satellite cells","volume":"102","author":"Seale","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200508001","article-title":"Distinct roles for Pax7 and Pax3 in adult regenerative myogenesis","volume":"172","author":"Kuang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200508044","article-title":"Pax3 and Pax7 have distinct and overlapping functions in adult muscle progenitor cells","volume":"172","author":"Relaix","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0004.2000.570103.x","article-title":"The molecular regulation of myogenesis","volume":"57","author":"Sabourin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Genet."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07384","article-title":"Self-renewal and expansion of single transplanted muscle stem cells","volume":"456","author":"Sacco","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_105","first-page":"326","article-title":"Expression pattern of M-cadherin in normal, denervated, and regenerating mouse muscles","volume":"199","author":"Irintchev","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dev. Dynam. Off. Publ. Am. Assoc. Anatom."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.151.6.1221","article-title":"Expression of CD34 and Myf5 defines the majority of quiescent adult skeletal muscle satellite cells","volume":"151","author":"Beauchamp","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gnocchi, V.F., White, R.B., Ono, Y., Ellis, J.A., and Zammit, P.S. (2009). Further characterisation of the molecular signature of quiescent and activated mouse muscle satellite cells. PLoS ONE, 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005205"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.21-3-363","article-title":"Expression of functional CXCR4 by muscle satellite cells and secretion of SDF-1 by muscle-derived fibroblasts is associated with the presence of both muscle progenitors in bone marrow and hematopoietic stem\/progenitor cells in muscles","volume":"21","author":"Ratajczak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dayt. Ohio."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.777","article-title":"Barx2 is expressed in satellite cells and is required for normal muscle growth and regeneration","volume":"30","author":"Meech","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dayt. Ohio."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.05.010","article-title":"Stem cell function, self-renewal, and behavioral heterogeneity of cells from the adult muscle satellite cell niche","volume":"122","author":"Collins","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1177\/096368979300200203","article-title":"Results of a triple blind clinical study of myoblast transplantations without immunosuppressive treatment in young boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"2","author":"Tremblay","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell Trans."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199509283331303","article-title":"Myoblast transfer in the treatment of Duchenne\u2019s muscular dystrophy","volume":"333","author":"Mendell","year":"1995","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0997-970","article-title":"The fate of individual myoblasts after transplantation into muscles of DMD patients","volume":"3","author":"Gussoni","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1038\/337176a0","article-title":"Conversion of mdx myofibres from dystrophin-negative to -positive by injection of normal myoblasts","volume":"337","author":"Partridge","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.05.049","article-title":"Highly efficient, functional engraftment of skeletal muscle stem cells in dystrophic muscles","volume":"134","author":"Cerletti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI40373","article-title":"Repairing skeletal muscle: Regenerative potential of skeletal muscle stem cells","volume":"120","author":"Tedesco","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Inv."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c140068","article-title":"Satellite Cells and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration","volume":"5","author":"Dumont","year":"2015","journal-title":"Compr. Phys."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2012.02.015","article-title":"Human ES- and iPS-derived myogenic progenitors restore DYSTROPHIN and improve contractility upon transplantation in dystrophic mice","volume":"10","author":"Darabi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2015.08.004","article-title":"Ex Vivo Expansion and In Vivo Self-Renewal of Human Muscle Stem Cells","volume":"5","author":"Charville","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2018.01.022","article-title":"High-Yield Purification, Preservation, and Serial Transplantation of Human Satellite Cells","volume":"10","author":"Garcia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1191035","article-title":"Substrate elasticity regulates skeletal muscle stem cell self-renewal in culture","volume":"329","author":"Gilbert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2012.09.015","article-title":"Fibronectin regulates Wnt7a signaling and satellite cell expansion","volume":"12","author":"Bentzinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2964","article-title":"Collagen VI regulates satellite cell self-renewal and muscle regeneration","volume":"4","author":"Urciuolo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_124","first-page":"C11","article-title":"Balance between S-nitrosylation and denitrosylation modulates myoblast proliferation independently of soluble guanylyl cyclase activation","volume":"313","author":"Yamashita","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Cell Phys."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pavlidou, T., Rosina, M., Fuoco, C., Gerini, G., Gargioli, C., Castagnoli, L., and Cesareni, G. (2017). Regulation of myoblast differentiation by metabolic perturbations induced by metformin. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182475"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.01.010","article-title":"Short-term ursolic acid promotes skeletal muscle rejuvenation through enhancing of SIRT1 expression and satellite cells proliferation","volume":"78","author":"Bakhtiari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother. Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2008.03.012","article-title":"Transcriptional targets of sirtuins in the coordination of mammalian physiology","volume":"20","author":"Feige","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcb.2008.08.003","article-title":"Sirt1 increases skeletal muscle precursor cell proliferation","volume":"88","author":"Rathbone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3303059","article-title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor reduced hypoxia-induced death of human myoblasts and improved their engraftment in mouse muscles","volume":"15","author":"Bouchentouf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.3727\/096368909X470900","article-title":"Growth factor coinjection improves the migration potential of monkey myogenic precursors without affecting cell transplantation success","volume":"18","author":"Lafreniere","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Trans."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201310035","article-title":"Wnt7a stimulates myogenic stem cell motility and engraftment resulting in improved muscle strength","volume":"205","author":"Bentzinger","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2012.189","article-title":"Proinflammatory macrophages enhance the regenerative capacity of human myoblasts by modifying their kinetics of proliferation and differentiation","volume":"20","author":"Bencze","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. J. Am. Soc. Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lesault, P.F., Theret, M., Magnan, M., Cuvellier, S., Niu, Y., Gherardi, R.K., Tremblay, J.P., Hittinger, L., and Chazaud, B. (2012). Macrophages improve survival, proliferation and migration of engrafted myogenic precursor cells into MDX skeletal muscle. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046698"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20614","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1215765109","article-title":"Wnt7a treatment ameliorates muscular dystrophy","volume":"109","author":"Renaud","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3465","article-title":"p38 MAPK signaling underlies a cell-autonomous loss of stem cell self-renewal in skeletal muscle of aged mice","volume":"20","author":"Bernet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3655","article-title":"Inhibition of JAK-STAT signaling stimulates adult satellite cell function","volume":"20","author":"Price","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.12045","article-title":"Interleukin-6-induced satellite cell proliferation is regulated by induction of the JAK2\/STAT3 signalling pathway through cyclin D1 targeting","volume":"46","author":"Kurosaka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Prol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-016-1908-9","article-title":"Comparative effects of low-level laser therapy pre- and post-injury on mRNA expression of MyoD, myogenin, and IL-6 during the skeletal muscle repair","volume":"31","author":"Alves","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00515","article-title":"Inhibition of the Activin Receptor Type-2B Pathway Restores Regenerative Capacity in Satellite Cell-Depleted Skeletal Muscle","volume":"9","author":"Formicola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Phys."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96ra78","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3002342","article-title":"Stem cell-mediated transfer of a human artificial chromosome ameliorates muscular dystrophy","volume":"3","author":"Tedesco","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Trans. Med."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201607284","article-title":"Reversible immortalisation enables genetic correction of human muscle progenitors and engineering of next-generation human artificial chromosomes for Duchenne muscular dystrophy","volume":"10","author":"Benedetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13383","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900210106","article-title":"Muscle stem cell behavior is modified by microRNA-27 regulation of Pax3 expression","volume":"106","author":"Crist","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1159\/000489595","article-title":"MiR-27b Promotes Muscle Development by Inhibiting MDFI Expression","volume":"46","author":"Hou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem. Int. J. Exp. Cell. Phys. Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.01.021","article-title":"A Single CRISPR-Cas9 Deletion Strategy that Targets the Majority of DMD Patients Restores Dystrophin Function in hiPSC-Derived Muscle Cells","volume":"18","author":"Young","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2014.10.013","article-title":"Precise correction of the dystrophin gene in duchenne muscular dystrophy patient induced pluripotent stem cells by TALEN and CRISPR-Cas9","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_146","first-page":"24","article-title":"CRISPR\/Cas9-Induced (CTG\u22c5CAG)","volume":"25","author":"Willemse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2013.155","article-title":"Autologous myoblast transplantation for oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy: A phase I\/IIa clinical study","volume":"22","author":"Perie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. J. Am. Soc. Gene Ther."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.10.056","article-title":"Matrikines for therapeutic and biomedical applications","volume":"214","author":"Sivaraman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12435","article-title":"Matricryptins and matrikines: Biologically active fragments of the extracellular matrix","volume":"23","author":"Salza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65020-1","article-title":"Regulation of tissue injury responses by the exposure of matricryptic sites within extracellular matrix molecules","volume":"156","author":"Davis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr325","article-title":"Phenotypic and genetic alterations in mammary stroma: Implications for tumour progression","volume":"3","author":"Schor","year":"2001","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. BCR"},{"key":"ref_152","unstructured":"Ricard-Blum, S., and Vallet, S.D. (2017). Fragments generated upon extracellular matrix remodeling: Biological regulators and potential drugs. Matrix Biol. J. Int. Soc. Matrix Biol."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.18433\/jpps30034","article-title":"Rh-endostatin Concomitant with Chemotherapy Versus Single Agent Chemotherapy for Treating Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"21","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.4161\/cam.22827","article-title":"Laminin-111-derived peptides and cancer","volume":"7","author":"Kikkawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Adhes. Migr."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20583","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.35.20583","article-title":"Identification of cell binding sites in the laminin alpha 1 chain carboxyl-terminal globular domain by systematic screening of synthetic peptides","volume":"270","author":"Nomizu","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1996.0304","article-title":"Identification of synthetic peptides derived from laminin alpha1 and alpha2 chains with cell type specificity for neurite outgrowth","volume":"228","author":"Richard","year":"1996","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2006.12.026","article-title":"Angiogenic activity of syndecan-binding laminin peptide AG73 (RKRLQVQLSIRT)","volume":"459","author":"Mochizuki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_158","first-page":"875","article-title":"Laminin-1 peptide-conjugated chitosan membranes as a novel approach for cell engineering","volume":"17","author":"Mochizuki","year":"2003","journal-title":"FASEB J. Off. Publ. Feder. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4827(03)00056-9","article-title":"Identification of redundant angiogenic sites in laminin alpha1 and gamma1 chains","volume":"285","author":"Ponce","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2008.05.025","article-title":"Angiogenic laminin-derived peptides stimulate wound healing","volume":"40","author":"Malinda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00050795","article-title":"Basement membrane and the SIKVAV laminin-derived peptide promote tumor growth and metastases","volume":"10","author":"Sweeney","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16174","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)71604-9","article-title":"A synthetic peptide containing the IKVAV sequence from the A chain of laminin mediates cell attachment, migration, and neurite outgrowth","volume":"264","author":"Tashiro","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19980812)77:4<632::AID-IJC25>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Laminin-alpha1-chain sequence Leu-Gln-Val-Gln-Leu-Ser-Ile-Arg (LQVQLSIR) enhances murine melanoma cell metastases","volume":"77","author":"Kim","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/20\/21\/5433\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:30:50Z","timestamp":1760189450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/20\/21\/5433"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"references-count":163,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms20215433"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20215433","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]}}}