{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T09:20:22Z","timestamp":1790068822817,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]],"date-time":"2019-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIS PI15\/00036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS PI15\/00036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIS PI18\/00541"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS PI18\/00541"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI18\/00541"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/00541"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Merck Salud","award":["Ayuda Merck 2016-Fertilidad"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ayuda Merck 2016-Fertilidad"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endometriosis is a prevalent disease defined by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), as a proinflammatory molecule, promotes and helps maintain the inflammatory state of endometriosis. Moreover, ATP has a direct influence on the two main symptoms of endometriosis: infertility and pain. Purinergic signaling, the group of biological responses to extracellular nucleotides such as ATP and nucleosides such as adenosine, is involved in the biology of reproduction and is impaired in pathologies with an inflammatory component such as endometriosis. We have previously demonstrated that ectonucleotidases, the enzymes regulating extracellular ATP levels, are active in non-pathological endometria, with hormone-dependent changes in expression throughout the cycle. In the present study we have focused on the expression of ectonucleotidases by means of immunohistochemistry and in situ activity in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissue of women with endometriosis, and we compared the results with endometria of women without the disease. We have demonstrated that the axis CD39-CD73 is altered in endometriosis, with loss of CD39 and CD73 expression in deep infiltrating endometriosis, the most severe, and most recurring, endometriosis subtype. Our results indicate that this altered expression of ectonucleotidases in endometriosis boosts ATP accumulation in the tissue microenvironment. An important finding is the identification of the nucleotide pyrophophatase\/phosphodiesterase 3 (NPP3) as a new histopathological marker of the disease since we have demonstrated its expression in the stroma only in endometriosis, in both eutopic and ectopic tissue. Therefore, targeting the proteins directly involved in ATP breakdown could be an appropriate approach to consider in the treatment of endometriosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20225532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T06:52:36Z","timestamp":1573109556000},"page":"5532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Impaired Expression of Ectonucleotidases in Ectopic and Eutopic Endometrial Tissue Is in Favor of ATP Accumulation in the Tissue Microenvironment in Endometriosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7948-8122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Trapero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Patologia i Terap\u00e8utica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut, Campus Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Oncobell Program, CIBERONC, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5727-2099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"August","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Patologia i Terap\u00e8utica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut, Campus Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Oncobell Program, CIBERONC, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Servei d\u2019Anatomia Patol\u00f2gica, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1792-7545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Eul\u00e0lia","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Montol\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncobell Program, CIBERONC, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Servei de Ginecologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1634-8277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Buenaventura","family":"Coroleu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salud de la Mujer Dexeus, Hospital Universitari Quiron Dexeus, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4330-7603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesc","family":"Tresserra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salud de la Mujer Dexeus, Hospital Universitari Quiron Dexeus, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pere","family":"Barri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salud de la Mujer Dexeus, Hospital Universitari Quiron Dexeus, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inmaculada","family":"G\u00f3mez de Aranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Patologia i Terap\u00e8utica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut, Campus Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2922-1600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"S\u00e9vigny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche du CHU de Qu\u00e9bec - Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partment de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d\u2019Immunologie, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0613-2261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordi","family":"Ponce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncobell Program, CIBERONC, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Servei de Ginecologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Matias-Guiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncobell Program, CIBERONC, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Servei d\u2019Anatomia Patol\u00f2gica, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mireia","family":"Mart\u00edn-Satu\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament de Patologia i Terap\u00e8utica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut, Campus Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Oncobell Program, CIBERONC, Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey241","article-title":"Aberrant expression of genes associated with stemness and cancer in endometria and endometrioma in a subset of women with endometriosis","volume":"33","author":"Andersson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. 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