{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T22:24:40Z","timestamp":1792016680254,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":296,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]],"date-time":"2019-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001870","name":"Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POIR.04.04.00 00 5CEF\/18 00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POIR.04.04.00 00 5CEF\/18 00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001870","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["335692"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["335692"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009318","name":"Helmholtz Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AMPro"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AMPro"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009318","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010146","name":"Alzheimer Forschung Initiative","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010146","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) encompass a class of five transporters with distinct expression in neurons and glia of the central nervous system (CNS). EAATs are mainly recognized for their role in uptake of the amino acid glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter. EAATs-mediated clearance of glutamate released by neurons is vital to maintain proper glutamatergic signalling and to prevent toxic accumulation of this amino acid in the extracellular space. In addition, some EAATs also act as chloride channels or mediate the uptake of cysteine, required to produce the reactive oxygen speciesscavenger glutathione. Given their central role in glutamate homeostasis in the brain, as well as their additional activities, it comes as no surprise that EAAT dysfunctions have been implicated in numerous acute or chronic diseases of the CNS, including ischemic stroke and epilepsy, cerebellar ataxias, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Huntington\u2019s disease. Here we review the studies in cellular and animal models, as well as in humans that highlight the roles of EAATs in the pathogenesis of these devastating disorders. We also discuss the mechanisms regulating EAATs expression and intracellular trafficking and new exciting possibilities to modulate EAATs and to provide neuroprotection in course of pathologies affecting the CNS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20225671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]],"date-time":"2019-11-13T09:11:27Z","timestamp":1573636287000},"page":"5671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":162,"title":["Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters in Physiology and Disorders of the Central Nervous System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7732-0756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna R.","family":"Malik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Willnow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.05.018","article-title":"Glutamatergic Signaling in the Central Nervous System: Ionotropic and Metabotropic Receptors in Concert","volume":"98","author":"Reiner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.4.1007S","article-title":"Glutamate as a Neurotransmitter in the Brain: Review of Physiology and Pathology","volume":"130","author":"Meldrum","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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