{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T02:05:32Z","timestamp":1768269932141,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004442","name":"National Science Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014\/13\/B\/NZ7\/02247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/13\/B\/NZ7\/02247"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We examined anti-inflammatory potency of hybrid peptide-PK20, composed of neurotensin (NT) and endomorphin-2 (EM-2) pharmacophores in a murine model of non-atopic asthma induced by skin sensitization with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene and intratracheal challenge of cognate hapten. Mice received intraperitoneally PK20, equimolar mixture of its structural elements (MIX), dexamethasone (DEX), or NaCl. Twenty-four hours following hapten challenge, the measurements of airway responsiveness to methacholine were taken. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF) and lungs were collected for further analyses. Treatment with PK20, similarly to dexamethasone, reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells, concentration of mouse mast cell protease, IL-1\u03b2, IL-12p40, IL-17A, CXCL1, RANTES in lungs and IL-1\u03b1, IL-2, IL-13, and TNF-\u03b1 in BALF. Simple mixture of NT and EM-2 moieties was less potent. PK20, DEX, and MIX significantly decreased malondialdehyde level and secretory phospholipase 2 activity in lungs. Intensity of NF-\u03baB immunoreactivity was diminished only after PK20 and DEX treatments. Neither PK20 nor mixture of its pharmacophores were as effective as DEX in alleviating airway hyperresponsiveness. PK20 effectively inhibited hapten-induced inflammation and mediator and signaling pathways in a manner seen with dexamethasone. Improved anti-inflammatory potency of the hybrid over the mixture of its moieties shows its preponderance and might pose a promising tool in modulating inflammation in asthma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20235935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T10:57:27Z","timestamp":1574765847000},"page":"5935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Endomorphin-2- and Neurotensin- Based Chimeric Peptide Attenuates Airway Inflammation in Mouse Model of Nonallergic Asthma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Russjan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawi\u0144skiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8424-2813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kryspin","family":"Andrzejewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawi\u0144skiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1697-8164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Sulejczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawi\u0144skiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrycja","family":"Kleczkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacodynamics, The Centre for Preclinical Research (CBP), Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9608-4736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Kaczy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawi\u0144skiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20090474","article-title":"A new look at the pathogenesis of asthma","volume":"118","author":"Holgate","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. 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