{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T14:19:56Z","timestamp":1776435596822,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]],"date-time":"2019-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-EB020539"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-EB020539"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-HL131829"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-HL131829"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-EB025985"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-EB025985"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PR-171338P1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PR-171338P1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) are a common, complex, and costly medical problem with increasing prevalence. Diagnosing DFIs is a clinical challenge due to the poor specificity of the available methods to accurately determine the presence of infection in these patients. However, failure to perform an opportune diagnosis and provide optimal antibiotic therapy can lead to higher morbidity for the patient, unnecessary amputations, and increased healthcare costs. Novel developments in bacteria-specific molecular imaging can provide a non-invasive assessment of the infection site to support diagnosis, determine the extension and location of the infection, guide the selection of antibiotics, and monitor the response to treatment. This is a review of recent research in molecular imaging of infections in the context of DFI. We summarize different clinical and preclinical methods and the translational implications aimed to improve the care of patients with DFI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20235984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]],"date-time":"2019-11-28T08:14:04Z","timestamp":1574928844000},"page":"5984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Molecular Imaging of Diabetic Foot Infections: New Tools for Old Questions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Camilo A.","family":"Ruiz-Bedoya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"},{"name":"Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3159-8426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oren","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"},{"name":"Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2612-0778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipa","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"},{"name":"Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sudhanshu","family":"Abhishek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"},{"name":"Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth W.","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"},{"name":"Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Johns Hopkins All Children\u2019s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8571-0655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alvaro A.","family":"Ordonez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"},{"name":"Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9620-7070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay K.","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"},{"name":"Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"},{"name":"Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) (2019, September 27). GBD Compare Data Visualization. Available online: http:\/\/vizhub.healthdata.org\/gbd-compare."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2007.04.001","article-title":"Surgical Management of Diabetic Foot Infections and Osteomyelitis","volume":"24","author":"Frykberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Podiatr. Med. 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