{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T14:42:41Z","timestamp":1793457761996,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]],"date-time":"2019-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea, by Basic Science Research Program through the NRF of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, and the NRF of Korea grant funded by the Korean government","award":["NRF-2010-0020224, NRF-2018S1A5A8027802, NRF2015R1D1A1A01056864, NRF-2018R1D1A1B07040370, and 2018R1A2A3074998"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2010-0020224, NRF-2018S1A5A8027802, NRF2015R1D1A1A01056864, NRF-2018R1D1A1B07040370, and 2018R1A2A3074998"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetes mellitus is associated with cardiovascular, ophthalmic, and renal comorbidities. Among these, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) causes the most severe symptoms and is considered to be a major health problem worldwide. Exercise is widely known as an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of many chronic diseases. Importantly, the onset of complications arising due to diabetes can be delayed or even prevented by exercise. Regular exercise is reported to have positive effects on diabetes mellitus and the development of DCM. The protective effects of exercise include prevention of cardiac apoptosis, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and microvascular diseases, as well as improvement in cardiac mitochondrial function and calcium regulation. This review summarizes the recent scientific findings to describe the potential mechanisms by which exercise may prevent DCM and heart failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20246284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]],"date-time":"2019-12-13T11:27:22Z","timestamp":1576236442000},"page":"6284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Exercise as A Potential Therapeutic Target for Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Insight into the Underlying Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4377-5792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dae Yun","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong Rim","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Eun","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6568-2469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae Nyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Boum","family":"Youm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0451-4554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyo-Bum","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1918-9213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun Hyun","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy Hyein","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung Soo","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byoung Doo","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.310961","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease","volume":"39","author":"Schmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arter. Thromb Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800256","article-title":"Risk factors, mortality, and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"379","author":"Rawshani","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-014-0457-5","article-title":"Neurologic complications of diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Charnogursky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2019.04.042","article-title":"Imbalance between Angiotensin II-Angiotensin (1-7) system is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in type 2 diabetes with newly diagnosed hypertension","volume":"13","author":"Srivastava","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68967-8","article-title":"Relation between age and cardiovascular disease in men and women with diabetes compared with non-diabetic people: A population-based retrospective cohort study","volume":"368","author":"Booth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.02.017","article-title":"Fisetin ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"221","author":"Althunibat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2011.11.007","article-title":"Decrease in calcium-sensing receptor in the progress of diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"95","author":"Bai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvy226","article-title":"Telmisartan and thiorphan combination treatment attenuates fibrosis and apoptosis in preventing diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"115","author":"Malek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27038","article-title":"Exercise protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy by the inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in rats","volume":"234","author":"Chengji","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1159\/000374021","article-title":"Exercise prevents cardiac injury and improves mitochondrial biogenesis in advanced diabetic cardiomyopathy with PGC-1alpha and Akt activation","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00729","article-title":"Physical exercise and its protective effects on diabetic cardiomyopathy: What is the evidence?","volume":"9","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-2472","article-title":"The combined effect of leisure-time physical activity and diabetes on cardiovascular mortality: The Nord-Trondelag Health (HUNT) cohort study, Norway","volume":"36","author":"Moe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(72)90595-4","article-title":"New type of cardiomyopathy associated with diabetic glomerulosclerosis","volume":"30","author":"Rubler","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-013-9388-5","article-title":"Structural changes in the myocardium during diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy","volume":"19","author":"Adeghate","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Rev."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2011.02.023","article-title":"Association of diabetes mellitus with myocardial collagen accumulation and relaxation impairment in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"92","author":"Sakakibara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hfc.2019.02.003","article-title":"Diabetic cardiomyopathy: Definition, diagnosis, and therapeutic implications","volume":"15","author":"Paolillo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Clin."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evangelista, I., Nuti, R., Picchioni, T., Dotta, F., and Palazzuoli, A. (2019). Molecular dysfunction and phenotypic derangement in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20133264"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv134","article-title":"Clinical diabetic cardiomyopathy: A two-faced disease with restrictive and dilated phenotypes","volume":"36","author":"Seferovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-310342","article-title":"Diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"105","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3497","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1577","article-title":"Inhibition of JNK phosphorylation by a novel curcumin analog prevents high glucose-induced inflammation and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes and the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"63","author":"Pan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1139\/y00-058","article-title":"Effect of hypertension on the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"78","author":"Mathis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.18.5.708","article-title":"Diabetic cardiomyopathy. A unique entity or a complication of coronary artery disease?","volume":"18","author":"Bell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(96)00191-9","article-title":"Usefulness of beta-blocker therapy in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease. Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP) Study Group","volume":"77","author":"Jonas","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2005.02.003","article-title":"The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, glucose metabolism and diabetes","volume":"16","author":"Giacchetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.29680","article-title":"Metformin inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome via AMPK\/mTOR-dependent effects in diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.05.051","article-title":"Effect of ipragliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on cardiac histopathological changes in a non-diabetic rat model of cardiomyopathy","volume":"230","author":"Takasu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032038","article-title":"Canagliflozin for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: Results drom the CANVAS Program (Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study)","volume":"137","author":"Mahaffey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504720","article-title":"Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes","volume":"373","author":"Zinman","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S154602","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors","volume":"11","author":"Cavaiola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2019.10.028","article-title":"Potential mechanisms of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor-related cardiovascular benefits","volume":"124","author":"Verma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"371","article-title":"Physical activity and diabetic cardiomyopathy: Myocardial adaptation depending on exercise load","volume":"10","author":"Bekono","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rev."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(84)90263-7","article-title":"Exercise-induced left ventricular dysfunction in young men with asymptomatic diabetes mellitus (diabetic cardiomyopathy)","volume":"54","author":"Vered","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.479","article-title":"Exercise training restores abnormal myocardial glucose utilization and cardiac function in diabetes","volume":"21","author":"Broderick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281450","article-title":"Study: Exercise may match medication in reducing mortality associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes","volume":"310","author":"Mitka","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200434010-00004","article-title":"The role of exercise in the treatment of cardiovascular disease associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"34","author":"McGavock","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.2165\/11535930-000000000-00000","article-title":"The impact of training modalities on the clinical benefits of exercise intervention in patients with cardiovascular disease risk or type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"40","author":"Hansen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20140097","article-title":"Effects of moderate- versus high-intensity exercise training on physical fitness and physical function in people with type 2 diabetes: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"94","author":"Taylor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-009-1354-3","article-title":"Continuous low- to moderate-intensity exercise training is as effective as moderate- to high-intensity exercise training at lowering blood HbA(1c) in obese type 2 diabetes patients","volume":"52","author":"Hansen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-019-0767-9","article-title":"High-intensity interval training in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Grande","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Atheroscler Rep."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.4.799","article-title":"Physical activity, cardiovascular risk factors, and mortality among Finnish adults with diabetes","volume":"28","author":"Hu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2008.03.006","article-title":"Leisure time physical activity in individuals with screen-detected type 2 diabetes compared to those with known type 2 diabetes","volume":"81","author":"Karjalainen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-964967","article-title":"Adherence to a home-based exercise program and incidence of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes patients","volume":"28","author":"Shinji","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164109341689","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease markers in type 2 diabetes: The effects of a moderate home-based exercise training programme","volume":"6","author":"Reving","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diab. Vasc. Dis. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"S29","article-title":"Standards of medical care in diabetes","volume":"42","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.3798","article-title":"Effect of exercise intervention on endothelial function and incidence of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"17","author":"Okada","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Atheroscler. Thromb"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13121631","article-title":"Exercise and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Changes in tissue-specific fat distribution and cardiac function","volume":"269","author":"Jonker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3741-2","article-title":"High intensity intermittent exercise improves cardiac structure and function and reduces liver fat in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"59","author":"Cassidy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"H837","article-title":"Effects of diabetes on myocardial glucose transport system in rats: Implications for diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"264","author":"Garvey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zamora, M., and Villena, J.A. (2019). Contribution of impaired insulin signaling to the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20112833"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12948","article-title":"Restoration of myocardial glucose uptake with facilitated myocardial glucose transporter 4 translocation contributes to alleviation of diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats after duodenal-jejunal bypass","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Investig."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2868652","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2868652","article-title":"Influence of acute and chronic exercise on gucose uptake","volume":"2016","author":"Rohling","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12781","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: Role in diabetes and cardiovascular disease","volume":"47","author":"Pedersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-018-9749-1","article-title":"Diabetic cardiomyopathy: Molecular mechanisms, detrimental effects of conventional treatment, and beneficial effects of natural therapy","volume":"24","author":"Parim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Rev."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01626.2011","article-title":"Exercise-induced cardiac performance in autoimmune (type 1) diabetes is associated with a decrease in myocardial diacylglycerol","volume":"113","author":"Loganathan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.310078","article-title":"Evolving concepts of myocardial energy metabolism: More than just fats and carbohydrates","volume":"119","author":"Lopaschuk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12475","article-title":"Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation alterations in heart failure, ischaemic heart disease and diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"171","author":"Fillmore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.04.015","article-title":"Metabolic flexibility in health and disease","volume":"25","author":"Goodpaster","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1159\/000177596","article-title":"Effects of anoxia and low free fatty acid on myocardial energy metabolism in streptozotocin-diabetic rats","volume":"34","author":"Mokuda","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(89)90328-7","article-title":"Glucose oxidation rates in fatty acid-perfused isolated working hearts from diabetic rats","volume":"1006","author":"Wall","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1439","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00736.2007","article-title":"Conditional increase in SERCA2a protein is able to reverse contractile dysfunction and abnormal calcium flux in established diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"295","author":"Suarez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S93","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8227(96)01236-3","article-title":"Diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats: Biochemical mechanisms of increased tolerance to calcium overload","volume":"31","author":"Ziegelhoffer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1139\/y89-229","article-title":"The effect of sulfonylurea therapy on defective calcium movement associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"67","author":"Mozaffari","year":"1989","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91280.2008","article-title":"Exercise training during diabetes attenuates cardiac ryanodine receptor dysregulation","volume":"106","author":"Shao","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7921363","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7921363","article-title":"High-Intensity Exercise reduces cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy but does not restore the nitroso-redox imbalance in diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"2017","author":"Novoa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2016.01.023","article-title":"Moderate intensity exercise prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy associated contractile dysfunction through restoration of mitochondrial function and connexin 43 levels in db\/db mice","volume":"92","author":"Veeranki","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E145","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00755.2009","article-title":"PGC-1alpha regulation by exercise training and its influences on muscle function and insulin sensitivity","volume":"299","author":"Lira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1097\/01.crd.0000102419.52594.90","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator activator receptors (PPAR), insulin resistance, and cardiomyopathy: Friends or foes for the diabetic patient with heart failure?","volume":"12","author":"Nikolaidis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cardiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2015.6304","article-title":"How exercise may amend metabolic disturbances in diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"22","author":"Hafstad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox. Signal."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000145461.38224.EC","article-title":"Exercise attenuates diabetes-induced ultrastructural changes in rat cardiac tissue","volume":"36","author":"Searls","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-4307-9_12","article-title":"Exercise amaliorates metabolic disturbances and oxidative stress in diabetic cardiomyopathy: Possible underlying mechanisms","volume":"999","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2018.07.003","article-title":"Diabetes-related cardiomyopathy: The sweet story of glucose overload from epidemiology to cellular pathways","volume":"45","author":"Joubert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H722","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01249.2004","article-title":"Moderate endurance training prevents doxorubicin-induced in vivo mitochondriopathy and reduces the development of cardiac apoptosis","volume":"289","author":"Ascensao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2017.7415","article-title":"Mitochondrial NAD(+)\/NADH redox state and diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"30","author":"Berthiaume","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox. Signal."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.05.022","article-title":"Obeticholic acid protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy by activation of FXR\/Nrf2 signaling in db\/db mice","volume":"858","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2018.11.034","article-title":"Luteolin protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting NF-kappaB-mediated inflammation and activating the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant responses","volume":"59","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref_76","unstructured":"He, X., and Ma, Q. (2012). Disruption of Nrf2 synergizes with high glucose to cause heightened myocardial oxidative stress and severe cardiomyopathy in diabetic mice. J. Diabetes Metab., 7."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2019.06.004","article-title":"Effects of PP2A\/Nrf2 on experimental diabetes mellitus-related cardiomyopathy by regulation of autophagy and apoptosis through ROS dependent pathway","volume":"62","author":"Guan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Signal."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.18-476","article-title":"Current status and challenges of NRF2 as a potential therapeutic target for dabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"60","author":"Ge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000344","article-title":"Aerobic exercise training promotes additional cardiac benefits better than resistance exercise training in postmenopausal rats with diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Quinteiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"749","article-title":"DDAH2 alleviates myocardial fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy through activation of the DDAH\/ADMA\/NOS\/NO pathway in rats","volume":"43","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmy177","article-title":"Liraglutide alleviates cardiac fibrosis through inhibiting P4halpha-1 expression in STZ-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"51","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. (Shanghai)"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11079","article-title":"Silymarin ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy via inhibiting TGF-beta1\/Smad signaling","volume":"43","author":"Meng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Int."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2015.01.001","article-title":"Irbesartan ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating protein kinase D and ER stress activation in a type 2 diabetes rat model","volume":"93","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6746907","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6746907","article-title":"Tetrahydrocurcumin ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy by attenuating high glucose-induced oxidative stress and fibrosis via activating the SIRT1 pathway","volume":"2019","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01235","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012356","article-title":"Glycemic control, preexisting cardiovascular disease, and risk of major cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Systematic review with meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials and intensive glucose control trials","volume":"8","author":"Giugliano","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H113","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00440.2018","article-title":"Right ventricular dysfunction and remodeling in diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"316","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27070","article-title":"Inhibition of JNK and p38 MAPK-mediated inflammation and apoptosis by ivabradine improves cardiac function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"234","author":"Zuo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3473","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.6456","article-title":"Troxerutin protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy through NFkappaB\/AKT\/IRS1 in a rat model of type 2 diabetes","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.2174\/157016108785909715","article-title":"The crosstalk between insulin and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone signaling systems and its effect on glucose metabolism and diabetes prevention","volume":"6","author":"Muscogiuri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Vasc. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"2481","article-title":"Spleen tyrosine kinaseinduced JNKdependent NLRP3 activation is involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2018.01.002","article-title":"The beneficial role of exercise in mitigating doxorubicin-induced Mitochondrionopathy","volume":"1869","author":"Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1985.59.4.1298","article-title":"Effect of exercise training on antioxidant enzymes and cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin","volume":"59","author":"Kanter","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)"},{"key":"ref_93","first-page":"1","article-title":"High-intensity interval training (HIIT) effectively enhances heart function via miR-195 dependent cardiomyopathy reduction in high-fat high-fructose diet-induced diabetic rats","volume":"15","author":"Khakdan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-018-0042-6","article-title":"Vascular endothelial dysfunction, a major mediator in diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"40","author":"Knapp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta. Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0305-1870.2004.04073.x","article-title":"Cardioprotective functions of atrial natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide: A brief review","volume":"31","author":"Woods","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4725","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.176461","article-title":"Downregulation of oxytocin and natriuretic peptides in diabetes: Possible implications in cardiomyopathy","volume":"587","author":"Gutkowska","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2013.12.005","article-title":"Unexpected effects of voluntary exercise training on natriuretic peptide and receptor mRNA expression in the ob\/ob mouse heart","volume":"188","author":"Broderick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Regul. Pept."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2004.06.007","article-title":"Role of exercise training on cardiovascular disease in persons who have type 2 diabetes and hypertension","volume":"22","author":"Stewart","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cardiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.73.1.265","article-title":"Metabolic effects of treadmill exercise training on the diabetic heart","volume":"73","author":"Paulson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol. (1985)"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E31","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00525.2010","article-title":"Exercise training does not correct abnormal cardiac glycogen accumulation in the db\/db mouse model of type 2 diabetes","volume":"301","author":"Shearer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-1580","article-title":"High- and moderate-intensity training normalizes ventricular function and mechanoenergetics in mice with diet-induced obesity","volume":"62","author":"Hafstad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2010.09.001","article-title":"O-GlcNAc modification, insulin signaling and diabetic complications","volume":"36","author":"Issad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000165478.06813.58","article-title":"Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of O-GlcNAcase improves contractile function in the diabetic heart","volume":"96","author":"Hu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-0996-x","article-title":"Exercise restores endothelial function independently of weight loss or hyperglycaemic status in db\/db mice","volume":"51","author":"Ghosh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149678","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/149678","article-title":"Effect of moderate-intensity exercise on plasma C-reactive protein and aortic endothelial function in type 2 diabetic mice","volume":"2010","author":"Sallam","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.931339","article-title":"Effect of exercise on augmented aortic vasoconstriction in the db\/db mouse model of type-II diabetes","volume":"57","author":"Khazaei","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-019-09875-4","article-title":"Changes in titin and collagen modulate effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on diabetic cardiac function","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1718","article-title":"Oxytocin treatment prevents the cardiomyopathy observed in obese diabetic male db\/db mice","volume":"156","author":"Plante","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1515","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00585.2010","article-title":"Short-term exercise training protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiac mitochondrial damage independent of HSP72","volume":"299","author":"Kavazis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E243","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00044.2013","article-title":"Both aerobic exercise and resveratrol supplementation attenuate doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury in mice","volume":"305","author":"Dolinsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-017-0506-x","article-title":"Diagnostic approaches for diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"16","author":"Tunon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.4.1142","article-title":"Expression cloning of cardiotrophin 1, a cytokine that induces cardiac myocyte hypertrophy","volume":"92","author":"Pennica","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvs234","article-title":"Cardiotrophin-1 induces sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) leak and arrhythmogenesis in adult rat ventricular myocytes","volume":"96","author":"Calderon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2423(10)52002-X","article-title":"Cardiotrophin-1 in cardiovascular regulation","volume":"52","author":"Jougasaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2009.12.007","article-title":"Cardiotrophin-1 and TNF-alpha circulating levels at rest and during cardiopulmonary exercise test in athletes and healthy individuals","volume":"50","author":"Limongelli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-15-103","article-title":"Cardiac steatosis and left ventricular function in men with metabolic syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Nyman","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-12-150","article-title":"Activin A is associated with impaired myocardial glucose metabolism and left ventricular remodeling in patients with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3890","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-01056","article-title":"Physiology of activins\/follistatins: Associations with metabolic and anthropometric variables and response to exercise","volume":"103","author":"Perakakis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2005.03.005","article-title":"Fatty acid metabolism is enhanced in type 2 diabetic hearts","volume":"1734","author":"Carley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoffmann, U., Espeter, F., Weiss, C., Ahmad-Nejad, P., Lang, S., Brueckmann, M., Akin, I., Neumaier, M., Borggrefe, M., and Behnes, M. (2015). Ischemic biomarker heart-type fatty acid binding protein (hFABP) in acute heart failure-diagnostic and prognostic insights compared to NT-proBNP and troponin I. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-015-0026-0"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-009-9243-6","article-title":"Serum heart type fatty acid binding protein levels in metabolic syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Akbal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq028","article-title":"Exercise training improves cardiac function in infarcted rabbits: Involvement of autophagic function and fatty acid utilization","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X13666170116121451","article-title":"The prognostic value of heart type fatty acid binding protein in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.09.050","article-title":"The pathogenesis of myocardial fibrosis in the setting of diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"47","author":"Asbun","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-009-0142-3","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor binding protein: A possible marker for the metabolic syndrome?","volume":"47","author":"Ruan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.08.018","article-title":"Prognostic usefulness of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: A novel biomarker of myocardial diastolic function?","volume":"114","author":"Gandhi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12126","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1 contributes to hepatic fibrogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dig. Dis."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.14141","article-title":"Role of serum biomarkers in early dtection of diabetic cardiomyopathy in the west virginian population","volume":"13","author":"Shaver","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2014.00185","article-title":"MicroRNAs in diabetic cardiomyopathy and clinical perspectives","volume":"5","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvr300","article-title":"Role of microRNAs in diabetes and its cardiovascular complications","volume":"93","author":"Shantikumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2017.03.013","article-title":"Role of microRNA in diabetic cardiomyopathy: From mechanism to intervention","volume":"1863","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis. Dis."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mishra, P.K., Awe, O., Metreveli, N., Qipshidze, N., Munjal, C., Tyagi, N., and Tyagi, S.C. (2011). Exercise ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy by inducing beta2-adrenergic receptors and miR-133a, and attenuating MMP-9. FASEB J., 25.","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.25.1_supplement.1032.4"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-13-44","article-title":"Cardiovascular microRNAs: As modulators and diagnostic biomarkers of diabetic heart disease","volume":"13","author":"Rawal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181942051","article-title":"Cardiac dysfunction during exercise in uncomplicated type 2 diabetes","volume":"41","author":"Regensteiner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2031","article-title":"Systolic and diastolic abnormalities reduce the cardiac response to exercise in adolescents with type 2 diabetes","volume":"37","author":"Pinto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2012.03.008","article-title":"Diabetic cardiomyopathy and diastolic heart failure difficulties with relaxation","volume":"97","author":"Teupe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2019.03.003","article-title":"Diabetic cardiomyopathy-A comprehensive updated review","volume":"62","author":"Murtaza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.024671","article-title":"Exercise therapy and cardiovascular toxicity in cancer","volume":"137","author":"Scott","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2018-099254","article-title":"Beneficial associations of low and large doses of leisure time physical activity with all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality: A national cohort study of 88,140 US adults","volume":"53","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.14242","article-title":"Nonlinear model for the carotid artery disease 10-year risk prediction by fusing conventional cardiovascular factors to carotid ultrasound image phenotypes: A Japanese diabetes cohort study","volume":"36","author":"Khanna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-018-1003-4","article-title":"Effect of exercise intervention on cardiac function in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review","volume":"49","author":"Verboven","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-018-0688-x","article-title":"Exercise capacity in diabetes mellitus is predicted by activity status and cardiac size rather than cardiac function: A case control study","volume":"17","author":"Roberts","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2017.08.015","article-title":"Exercise training and cardiac autonomic function in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Bhati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/20\/24\/6284\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:41:58Z","timestamp":1760190118000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/20\/24\/6284"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]]},"references-count":143,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms20246284"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20246284","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]]}}}