{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:40:56Z","timestamp":1790779256868,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pseudoxanthoma elasticum is a rare disease mainly due to ABCC6 gene mutations and characterized by ectopic biomineralization and fragmentation of elastic fibers resulting in skin, cardiovascular and retinal calcifications. It has been recently described that pyrophosphate (a calcification inhibitor) deficiency could be the main cause of ectopic calcifications in this disease and in other genetic disorders associated to mutations of ENPP1 or CD73. Patients affected by Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum seem also prone to develop kidney stones originating from papillary calcifications named Randall\u2019s plaque, and to a lesser extent may be affected by nephrocalcinosis. In this narrative review, we summarize some recent discoveries relative to the pathophysiology of this mendelian disease responsible for both cardiovascular and renal papillary calcifications, and we discuss the potential implications of pyrophosphate deficiency as a promoter of vascular calcifications in kidney stone formers and in patients affected by chronic kidney disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20246353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]],"date-time":"2019-12-20T03:19:36Z","timestamp":1576811976000},"page":"6353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum, Kidney Stones and Pyrophosphate: From a Rare Disease to Urolithiasis and Vascular Calcifications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Letavernier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR S 1155 and Physiology Unit, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Tenon, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 and INSERM, F-75020 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise","family":"Bouderlique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR S 1155 and Physiology Unit, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Tenon, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 and INSERM, F-75020 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Zaworski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR S 1155 and Physiology Unit, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Tenon, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 and INSERM, F-75020 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludovic","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PXE Consultation Center, MAGEC Reference Center for Rare Skin Diseases, Angers University Hospital, MITOVASC Institute, UMR CNRS 6015 INSERM U1083 Angers University, 49000 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Daudon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR S 1155 and Physiology Unit, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Tenon, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 and INSERM, F-75020 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/76102","article-title":"Mutations in a gene encoding an ABC transporter cause pseudoxanthoma elasticum","volume":"25","author":"Urban","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. 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