{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T13:01:13Z","timestamp":1769086873435,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]],"date-time":"2019-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015-00142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-00142"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004063","name":"Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014.0074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014.0074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004063","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ganglioside lipids have been associated with several physiological processes, including cell signaling. They have also been associated with amyloid aggregation in Parkinson\u2019s and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. In biological systems, gangliosides are present in a mix with other lipid species, and the structure and properties of these mixtures strongly depend on the proportions of the different components. Here, we study self-assembly in model mixtures composed of ganglioside GM1 and a zwitterionic phospholipid, 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC). We characterize the structure and molecular dynamics using a range of complementary techniques, including cryo-TEM, polarization transfer solid state NMR, diffusion NMR, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and calorimetry. The main findings are: (1) The lipid acyl chains are more rigid in mixtures containing both lipid species compared to systems that only contain one of the lipids. (2) The system containing DOPC with 10 mol % GM1 contains both vesicles and micelles. (3) At higher GM1 concentrations, the sample is more heterogenous and also contains small disc-like or rod-like structures. Such a co-existence of structures can have a strong impact on the overall properties of the lipid system, including transport, solubilization, and partitioning, which can be crucial to the understanding of the role of gangliosides in biological systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21010056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]],"date-time":"2019-12-20T09:50:33Z","timestamp":1576835433000},"page":"56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Self-Assembly in Ganglioside\u2012Phospholipid Systems: The Co-Existence of Vesicles, Micelles, and Discs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1482-7394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enamul Haque","family":"Mojumdar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Grey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biotechnology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8343-9657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Sparr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-015-9136-z","article-title":"GM1 Ganglioside: Past Studies and Future Potential","volume":"53","author":"Aureli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-1981(02)00339-6","article-title":"GD3 ganglioside and apoptosis","volume":"1585","author":"Malisan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12088","article-title":"Gangliosides as regulators of cell signaling: Ganglioside-protein interactions or ganglioside-driven membrane organization?","volume":"124","author":"Sonnino","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506160","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/506160","article-title":"Ganglioside biochemistry","volume":"2012","author":"Kolter","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISRN Biochem."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1984.tb12833.x","article-title":"Topographical atlas of the gangliosides of the adult human brain","volume":"43","author":"Kracun","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(82)83012-7","article-title":"Gangliosides: Structure, isolation, and analysis","volume":"Volume 83","author":"Ledeen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Methods in Enzymology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S440","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R800028-JLR200","article-title":"The role of glycosphingolipid metabolism in the developing brain","volume":"50","author":"Yu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2969","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.585703","article-title":"Acceleration of alpha-synuclein aggregation by exosomes","volume":"290","author":"Grey","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R800007-JLR200","article-title":"Role of ganglioside metabolism in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease-a review","volume":"49","author":"Ariga","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cavdarli, S., Groux-Degroote, S., and Delannoy, P. (2019). Gangliosides: The Double-Edge Sword of Neuro-Ectodermal Derived Tumors. Biomolecules, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9080311"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00045","article-title":"Ganglioside Metabolism and Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"12","author":"Forsayeth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1515\/bchm2.1939.262.3-5.128","article-title":"Niemann-Pick\u2019sche Krankheitund Amaurotische Idiotie. Hoppe-Seyler\u2019s Z","volume":"262","author":"Klenk","year":"1939","journal-title":"Physiol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2017.12.009","article-title":"Chapter Fifteen-Gangliosides, \u03b1-Synuclein, and Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"Volume 156","author":"Schnaar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harris, H., and Hirschhorn, K. (1972). Ganglioside Storage Diseases. Advances in Human Genetics, Springer US.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-4429-3"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10195","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0822-13.2013","article-title":"Gangliosides and Gangliosidoses: Principles of Molecular and Metabolic Pathogenesis","volume":"33","author":"Sandhoff","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s10719-015-9579-5","article-title":"GM1 ganglioside and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"32","author":"Yanagisawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glycoconj. J."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1515\/bchm2.1935.235.1-2.24","article-title":"\u00dcber die Natur der Phosphatide und anderer Lipide des Gehirns und der Leber bei der Niemann-Pick\u2019schen Krankheit","volume":"235","author":"Klenk","year":"1935","journal-title":"Z. F\u00fcr. Physiol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"659","article-title":"Die Fettstoffe des Gehirnsbei Amaurotischer Idiotie und Niemann-Pick\u2019scher Krankheit","volume":"96","author":"Klenk","year":"1937","journal-title":"Ber. Ges. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1515\/bchm2.1942.273.1-2.76","article-title":"\u00dcber die Ganglioside, eine neue Gruppe vonzuckerhaltigen Gehirnlipoiden","volume":"273","author":"Klenk","year":"1942","journal-title":"Hoppe-Seyler\u2019s Z. F\u00fcr Physiol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00033.2013","article-title":"Sialic acids in the brain: Gangliosides and polysialic acid in nervous system development, stability, disease, and regeneration","volume":"94","author":"Schnaar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1963.tb08933.x","article-title":"Chromatographic separation of human brain gangliosides","volume":"10","author":"Svennerholm","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2015.04.005","article-title":"The multi-tasked life of GM1 ganglioside, a true factotum of nature","volume":"40","author":"Ledeen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"125","article-title":"Analysis of glycosphingolipids of human head and neck carcinomas with comparison to normal tissue","volume":"46","author":"Bolot","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Israelachvili, J.N. (2011). Intermolecular and Surface Forces, Academic Press. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2013.10.016","article-title":"Multilevel structuring of ganglioside-containing aggregates: From simple micelles to complex biomimetic membranes","volume":"205","author":"Cantu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3047","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.107.119990","article-title":"Condensing and fluidizing effects of ganglioside GM1 on phospholipid films","volume":"94","author":"Frey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4876","DOI":"10.1021\/jp808199p","article-title":"GM1 Ganglioside Embedded in a Hydrated DOPC Membrane: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study","volume":"113","author":"Jedlovszky","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10876","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)86603-6","article-title":"Calorimetric properties of mixtures of ganglioside GM1 and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine","volume":"254","author":"Sillerud","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2007.10.008","article-title":"Functional role of glycosphingolipids and gangliosides in control of cell adhesion, motility, and growth, through glycosynaptic microdomains","volume":"1780","author":"Hakomori","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2017.10.022","article-title":"Direct visualization of the lateral structure of giant vesicles composed of pseudo-binary mixtures of sulfatide, asialo-GM1 and GM1 with POPC","volume":"1860","author":"Rodi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta. Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3398","DOI":"10.1021\/jp511534u","article-title":"Effect of protein-encapsulation on thermal structural stability of liposome composed of glycosphingolipid\/cholesterol\/phospholipid","volume":"119","author":"Hirai","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chemistry. B"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5954","DOI":"10.1021\/ja069375w","article-title":"GM1 clustering inhibits cholera toxin binding in supported phospholipid membranes","volume":"129","author":"Shi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13874","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.7b02091","article-title":"Size and Shape of Amyloid Fibrils Induced by Ganglioside Nanoclusters: Role of Sialyl Oligosaccharide in Fibril Formation","volume":"33","author":"Matsubara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2010.01.008","article-title":"Abeta polymerization through interaction with membrane gangliosides","volume":"1801","author":"Matsuzaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2013.07.051","article-title":"Number of sialic acid residues in ganglioside headgroup affects interactions with neighboring lipids","volume":"105","author":"Frey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2018.07.004","article-title":"Ganglioside lipids accelerate \u03b1-synuclein amyloid formation","volume":"1866","author":"Gaspar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Proteins Proteom."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16848","DOI":"10.1021\/la102935t","article-title":"Polarization transfer solid-state NMR for studying surfactant phase behavior","volume":"26","author":"Nowacka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmr.2013.02.016","article-title":"Signal intensities in 1H\u201313C CP and INEPT MAS NMR of liquid crystals","volume":"230","author":"Nowacka","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1039\/C1SM06273E","article-title":"Small polar molecules like glycerol and urea can preserve the fluidity of lipid bilayers under dry conditions","volume":"8","author":"Nowacka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7872","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.9b03005","article-title":"Lipid Dynamics and Phase Transition within \u03b1-Synuclein Amyloid Fibrils","volume":"10","author":"Galvagnion","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e77235","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077235","article-title":"Membrane lipid co-aggregation with \u03b1-synuclein fibrils","volume":"8","author":"Hellstrand","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3592","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1701239114","article-title":"Effect of cholesterol on the molecular structure and transitions in a clinical-grade lung surfactant extract","volume":"114","author":"Andersson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9948","DOI":"10.1021\/jp205663z","article-title":"Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy Provides Atomic-Level Insights Into the Dehydration of Cartilage","volume":"115","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E112","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1608739114","article-title":"Tracking solvents in the skin through atomically resolved measurements of molecular mobility in intact stratum corneum","volume":"114","author":"Pham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4535","DOI":"10.1039\/C4SM00137K","article-title":"Stratum corneum molecular mobility in the presence of natural moisturizers","volume":"10","author":"Bjorklund","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2860(96)09273-3","article-title":"Dependence of the form factor of ganglioside micelles on a conformational change with temperature","volume":"383","author":"Corti","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-6031(97)00335-3","article-title":"Characteristics of thermotropic phase transition of glycosphingolipid (Ganglioside) aggregates in aqueous solution","volume":"308","author":"Hirai","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thermochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4965","DOI":"10.1021\/la9036327","article-title":"DNA binding to zwitterionic model membranes","volume":"26","author":"Ainalem","year":"2010","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344001","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/49\/34\/344001","article-title":"Small unilamellar liposomes as a membrane model for cell inactivation by cold atmospheric plasma treatment","volume":"49","author":"Maheux","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Phys. D Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Evans, D.F., and Wennerstr\u00f6m, H. (1999). The Colloidal Domain: Where Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Technology Meet, Wiley-Vch. [2nd ed.]. Chapter 1."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Lourvanij, K. (1995). Partial Dehydration of Glucose to Oxygenated Hydrocarbons in Molecular-Sieving Catalysts. [Ph.D. Thesis, Oregon State University]."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-3084(80)90053-5","article-title":"Laser-light scattering investigation of the micellar properties of gangliosides","volume":"26","author":"Corti","year":"1980","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marsh, D. (2013). Handbook of Lipid Bilayers, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/b11712"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1979.tb13144.x","article-title":"Monomer-micelle transition of the ganglioside GM1 and the hydrolysis by Clostridium perfringens neuraminidase","volume":"97","author":"Rauvala","year":"1979","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-3084(72)90015-1","article-title":"Interaction of triiodide anion with gangliosides in aqueous iodine","volume":"9","author":"Yohe","year":"1972","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4533","DOI":"10.1039\/ft9969204533","article-title":"Intermicellar interaction of ganglioside aggregates and structural stability on pH variation","volume":"92","author":"Hirai","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2736(00)00220-0","article-title":"Estimations of Lipid Bilayer Geometry in Fluid Lamellar Phases","volume":"1468","author":"Costigan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(96)79694-7","article-title":"Properties of ganglioside GM1 in phosphatidylcholine bilayer membranes","volume":"70","author":"Reed","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(04)74224-1","article-title":"Investigating structural changes in the lipid bilayer upon insertion of the transmembrane domain of the membrane-bound protein phospholamban utilizing 31P and 2H solid-state NMR spectroscopy","volume":"86","author":"Dave","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2008.05.051","article-title":"Dynamic and structural aspects of PEGylated liposomes monitored by NMR","volume":"325","author":"Leal","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4157(78)90001-1","article-title":"31P nuclear magnetic resonance and the head group structure of phospholipids in membranes","volume":"515","author":"Seelig","year":"1978","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-1752-5_17","article-title":"Solid state NMR of lipid model membranes","volume":"1232","author":"Tyler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol. (Clifton NJ)"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4993","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcb.5b01001","article-title":"Distinguishing Bicontinuous Lipid Cubic Phases from Isotropic Membrane Morphologies Using 31P Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy","volume":"119","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2016.09.021","article-title":"Influence of Ganglioside GM1 Concentration on Lipid Clustering and Membrane Properties and Curvature","volume":"111","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2736(01)00366-2","article-title":"Transduction to self-assembly of molecular geometry and local interactions in mixtures of ceramides and ganglioside GM1","volume":"1514","author":"Carrer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (Bba) Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1021\/js950518e","article-title":"Effect of matrix lipid chain length on liposomes containing cholesterol and ganglioside GM1: Implications in drug delivery","volume":"85","author":"Huang","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(79)85221-2","article-title":"Phase behavior of ganglioside-lecithin mixtures. Relation to dispersion of gangliosides in membranes","volume":"27","author":"Bunow","year":"1979","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-3084(90)90160-S","article-title":"Evidence for spontaneous segregation phenomena in mixed micelles of gangliosides","volume":"55","author":"Cantu","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lipids"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10477","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00200a032","article-title":"Long- and Short-Range Interactions between Phospholipid\/Ganglioside GM1 Bilayers","volume":"33","author":"McIntosh","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00276a023","article-title":"Kinetics of transfer of gangliosides from their micelles to dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles","volume":"22","author":"Felgner","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2016.03.005","article-title":"Bile Salt Micelles and Phospholipid Vesicles Present in Simulated and Human Intestinal Fluids: Structural Analysis by Flow Field-Flow Fractionation\/Multiangle Laser Light Scattering","volume":"105","author":"Elvang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8787","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00424a015","article-title":"Structural changes in vesicle membranes and mixed micelles of various lipid compositions after binding of different bile salts","volume":"27","author":"Schubert","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3839","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(03)74798-5","article-title":"Liposomes, Disks, and Spherical Micelles: Aggregate Structure in Mixtures of Gel Phase Phosphatidylcholines and Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Phospholipids","volume":"85","author":"Johnsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2016.08.067","article-title":"Optimization of lipodisk properties by modification of the extent and density of the PEG corona","volume":"484","author":"Zetterberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.1750","article-title":"Lipid vesicles trigger alpha-synuclein aggregation by stimulating primary nucleation","volume":"11","author":"Galvagnion","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2011.12.051","article-title":"Depth of alpha-synuclein in a bilayer determined by fluorescence, neutron reflectometry, and computation","volume":"102","author":"Pfefferkorn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2007.11.051","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein selectively binds to anionic phospholipids embedded in liquid-disordered domains","volume":"375","author":"Stockl","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2001.4538","article-title":"Conformational properties of alpha-synuclein in its free and lipid-associated states","volume":"307","author":"Eliezer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19666","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0807826105","article-title":"Structure of membrane-bound \u03b1-synuclein from site-directed spin labeling and computational refinement","volume":"105","author":"Jao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9595","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M411805200","article-title":"Structure and dynamics of micelle-bound human alpha-synuclein","volume":"280","author":"Ulmer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2018.10.006","article-title":"Disruptive membrane interactions of alpha-synuclein aggregates","volume":"1867","author":"Iyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Proteins Proteom."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13385","article-title":"The relationship between glucocerebrosidase mutations and Parkinson disease","volume":"139","author":"Schapira","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200303240-00004","article-title":"Neuronal Accumulation of A- and \u0392-Synucleins in the Brain of a Gm2 Gangliosidosis Mouse Model","volume":"14","author":"Suzuki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroreport"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/21\/1\/56\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T13:44:05Z","timestamp":1760190245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/21\/1\/56"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms21010056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21010056","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]]}}}