{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T03:18:35Z","timestamp":1773285515862,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]],"date-time":"2019-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA205941"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA205941"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA12350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA12350"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EB020125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EB020125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A variety of seemingly non-specific symptoms manifest within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, particularly in the colon, in response to inflammation, infection, or a combination thereof. Differentiation between symptom sources can often be achieved using various radiologic studies. Although it is not possible to provide a comprehensive survey of imaging gastrointestinal GI tract infections in a single article, the purpose of this review is to survey several topics on imaging of GI tract inflammation and infections. The review discusses such modalities as computed tomography, positron emission tomography, ultrasound, endoscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging while looking at up-an-coming technologies that could improve diagnoses and patient comfort. The discussion is accomplished through examining a combination of organ-based and organism-based approaches, with accompanying selected case examples. Specific focus is placed on the bacterial infections caused by Shigella spp., Escherichia coli, Clostridium difficile, Salmonella, and inflammatory conditions of diverticulitis and irritable bowel disease. These infectious and inflammatory diseases and their detection via molecular imaging will be compared including the appropriate differential diagnostic considerations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21010243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]],"date-time":"2019-12-30T05:49:41Z","timestamp":1577684981000},"page":"243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Imaging Inflammation and Infection in the Gastrointestinal Tract"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Alex N.","family":"Frickenstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA"},{"name":"Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meredith A.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA"},{"name":"Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2174-2914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bahareh","family":"Behkam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lacey R.","family":"McNally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA"},{"name":"Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2017.06.019","article-title":"US emergency department visits for adults with abdominal and pelvic pain (2007-13): Trends in demographics, resource utilization and medication usage","volume":"35","author":"Meltzer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. 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