{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T20:14:48Z","timestamp":1786392888305,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,4]],"date-time":"2020-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government","award":["NRF-2019R1F1A1046785"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2019R1F1A1046785"]}]},{"name":"the grant from the Gachon University Gil Medical Center project","award":["FRD 2018-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FRD 2018-07"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The bicarbonate ion has a fundamental role in vital systems. Impaired bicarbonate transport leads to various diseases, including immune disorders, cystic fibrosis, tumorigenesis, kidney diseases, brain dysfunction, tooth fracture, ischemic reperfusion injury, hypertension, impaired reproductive system, and systemic acidosis. Carbonic anhydrases are involved in the mechanism of bicarbonate movement and consist of complex of bicarbonate transport systems including bicarbonate transporters. This review focused on the convergent regulation of ion homeostasis through various ion transporters including bicarbonate transporters, their regulatory enzymes, such as carbonic anhydrases, pH regulatory role, and the expression pattern of ion transporters in non-secretory systems throughout the body. Understanding the correlation between these systems will be helpful in order to obtain new insights and design potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of pH-related disorders. In this review, we have discussed the broad prospects and challenges that remain in elucidation of bicarbonate-transport-related biological and developmental systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21010339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]],"date-time":"2020-01-06T03:48:48Z","timestamp":1578282528000},"page":"339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["The Fundamental Role of Bicarbonate Transporters and Associated Carbonic Anhydrase Enzymes in Maintaining Ion and pH Homeostasis in Non-Secretory Organs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Dongun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3623-2201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong Hee","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26824","article-title":"Cytosolic sodium regulation in mouse cortical astrocytes and its dependence on potassium and bicarbonate","volume":"234","author":"Noor","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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