{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:45:40Z","timestamp":1760402740267,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]],"date-time":"2020-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>HIV-associated sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN) is a disabling complication of HIV disease and antiretroviral therapies (ART). Since stavudine was removed from recommended treatment schedules, the prevalence of HIV-SN has declined and associated risk factors have changed. With stavudine, rs1799964*C (TNF-1031) associated with HIV-SN in Caucasians and Indonesians but not in South Africans. Here, we investigate associations between HIV-SN and rs1799964*C and 12 other polymorphisms spanning TNF and seven neighboring genes (the TNF-block) in Indonesians (n = 202; 34\/168 cases) and South Africans (n = 75; 29\/75 cases) treated without stavudine. Haplotypes were derived using fastPHASE and haplotype networks built with PopART. There were no associations with rs1799964*C in either population. However, rs9281523*C in intron 10 of BAT1 (alternatively DDX39B) independently associated with HIV-SN in Indonesians after correcting for lower CD4 T-cell counts and &gt;500 copies of HIV RNA\/mL (model p = 0.0011, Pseudo R2 = 0.09). rs4947324*T (between NFKBIL1 and LTA) independently associated with reduced risk of HIV-SN and shared haplotype 1 (containing no minor alleles) associated with increased risk of HIV-SN after correcting for greater body weight, a history of tuberculosis and nadir CD4 T-cell counts (model: p = 0.0003, Pseudo R2 = 0.22). These results confirm TNF-block genotypes influence susceptibility of HIV-SN. However, critical genotypes differ between ethnicities and with stavudine use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21020380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]],"date-time":"2020-01-08T03:59:57Z","timestamp":1578455997000},"page":"380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["TNF-Block Genotypes Influence Susceptibility to HIV-Associated Sensory Neuropathy in Indonesians and South Africans"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jessica","family":"Gaff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fitri","family":"Octaviana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"},{"name":"Neurology Department, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prinisha","family":"Pillay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huguette Gaelle","family":"Ngassa Mbenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0576-0562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibnu A.","family":"Ariyanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology and Cancer Pathobiology Research Center, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"June Anne","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine L.","family":"Cherry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health and Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia"},{"name":"Burnet Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3103-5295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Kamerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia"},{"name":"Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4355-7082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon M.","family":"Laws","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia"},{"name":"Collaborative Genomics Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup 6027, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia"},{"name":"Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa"},{"name":"Virology and Cancer Pathobiology Research Center, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.2217\/pmt.12.67","article-title":"Painful HIV-associated sensory neuropathy","volume":"2","author":"Cherry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Manag."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2014.06.014","article-title":"Sensory, psychological, and metabolic dysfunction in HIV-associated peripheral neuropathy: A cross-sectional deep profiling study","volume":"155","author":"Phillips","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2464","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2464","article-title":"Resilience does not explain the dissociation between chronic pain and physical activity in South Africans living with 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