{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:28:42Z","timestamp":1791235722030,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]],"date-time":"2020-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31003A_163438"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31003A_163438"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006454","name":"Bundesamt f\u00fcr Lebensmittelsicherheit und Veterin\u00e4rwesen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MON-108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MON-108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006454","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The etiology of viral encephalitis in cattle often remains unresolved, posing a potential risk for animal and human health. In metagenomics studies of cattle with bovine non-suppurative encephalitis, parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) was identified in three brain samples. Interestingly, in two of these animals, bovine herpesvirus 6 and bovine astrovirus CH13 were additionally found. We investigated the role of PIV5 in bovine non-suppurative encephalitis and further characterized the three cases. With traditional sequencing methods, we completed the three PIV5 genomes, which were compared to one another. However, in comparison to already described PIV5 strains, unique features were revealed, like an 81 nucleotide longer open reading frame encoding the small hydrophobic (SH) protein. With in situ techniques, we demonstrated PIV5 antigen and RNA in one animal and found a broad cell tropism of PIV5 in the brain. Comparative quantitative analyses revealed a high viral load of PIV5 in the in situ positive animal and therefore, we propose that PIV5 was probably the cause of the disease. With this study, we clearly show that PIV5 is capable of naturally infecting different brain cell types in cattle in vivo and therefore it is a probable cause of encephalitis and neurological disease in cattle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21020498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,15]],"date-time":"2020-01-15T03:20:22Z","timestamp":1579058422000},"page":"498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Parainfluenza Virus 5 Infection in Neurological Disease and Encephalitis of Cattle"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Melanie M.","family":"Hierweger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simea","family":"Werder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6800-5129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torsten","family":"Seuberlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280591002450","article-title":"The ecology of emerging neurotropic viruses","volume":"11","author":"Olival","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2001.0888","article-title":"Risk factors for human disease emergence","volume":"356","author":"Taylor","year":"2001","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"354","article-title":"Frequency of neurologic diseases in cattle","volume":"139","author":"Heim","year":"1997","journal-title":"Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilkd."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"347","article-title":"Histological differential diagnosis in cattle suspected of rabies. Schweiz","volume":"116","author":"Fatzer","year":"1974","journal-title":"Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilkd."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Vandevelde, M., Higgins, R.J., and Oevermann, A. (2012). Veterinary Neuropathology: Essentials of Theory and Practice, Wiley-Blackwell. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17091","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.91","article-title":"Rabies","volume":"3","author":"Fooks","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"185","article-title":"Rabies in Asia: The classical zoonosis","volume":"365","author":"Wilde","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2004.02.001","article-title":"Viral diseases of the ruminant nervous system","volume":"20","author":"Callan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2002002","article-title":"Borna disease: Current knowledge and virus detection in France","volume":"33","author":"Dauphin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/3.suppl_A.9","article-title":"Herpes virus infections of animals\u2014A brief review","volume":"3","author":"Burrows","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Antimicrobial Chemother."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985812447831","article-title":"Salient lesions in domestic ruminants infected with the emerging so-called Schmallenberg virus in Germany","volume":"49","author":"Herder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.e292","article-title":"Schmallenberg virus: A novel viral disease in northern Europe","volume":"170","author":"Gibbens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.143.9.244","article-title":"Neuropathological and aetiological studies of sporadic non-suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis of cattle","volume":"143","author":"Theil","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1127","article-title":"A retrospective study of non-suppurative encephalitis in beef cattle from western Canada","volume":"54","author":"Sanchez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"225","article-title":"Sporadic meningo-encephalomyelitis in cattle","volume":"103","author":"Fankhauser","year":"1961","journal-title":"Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilkd."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01318144","article-title":"Sporadic bovine meningo-encephalitis-isolation of a paramyxovirus","volume":"48","author":"Bachmann","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"351","article-title":"Ultrastructural investigations concerning a sporadically occurring meningo-encephalomyelitis of cattle in Switzerland","volume":"118","author":"Bestetti","year":"1976","journal-title":"Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilkd."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0442.2003.00488.x","article-title":"BSE surveillance in Italy: Neuropathological findings in cattle in the frame of the passive surveillance programme","volume":"50","author":"Bozzetta","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. A Physiol. Pathol. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.131.16.359","article-title":"Idiopathic brainstem neuronal chromatolysis and hippocampal sclerosis: A novel encephalopathy in clinically suspect cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy","volume":"131","author":"Jeffrey","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.131.15.332","article-title":"A neuropathological survey of brains submitted under the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Orders in Scotland","volume":"131","author":"Jeffrey","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.2004.00755.x","article-title":"Neuropathological findings in brains of Bavarian cattle clinically suspected of bovine spongiform encephalopathy","volume":"51","author":"Miyashita","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. B Infect. Dis. Vet. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1973.tb09290.x","article-title":"Observations on diseases of the central nervous system of cattle in Tasmania","volume":"49","author":"Munday","year":"1973","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9975(08)80288-5","article-title":"Neuropathological findings in cattle with clinically suspect but histologically unconfirmed bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)","volume":"108","author":"McGill","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3318","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01195-14","article-title":"Neurotropic astrovirus in cattle with nonsuppurative encephalitis in Europe","volume":"52","author":"Bouzalas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1909.130682","article-title":"Divergent astrovirus associated with neurologic disease in cattle","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selimovic-Hamza, S., Boujon, C.L., Hilbe, M., Oevermann, A., and Seuberlich, T. (2017). Frequency and Pathological Phenotype of Bovine Astrovirus CH13\/NeuroS1 Infection in Neurologically-Diseased Cattle: Towards Assessment of Causality. Viruses, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/v9010012"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.03.009","article-title":"Exploring the virome of cattle with non-suppurative encephalitis of unknown etiology by metagenomics","volume":"493","author":"Wuthrich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.06.052","article-title":"Full-genome based molecular characterization of encephalitis-associated bovine astroviruses","volume":"44","author":"Bouzalas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Epidemiol. Evol. Genet. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"204","article-title":"New viral agents recovered from tissue cultures of monkey kidney cells. I. Origin and properties of cytopathogenic agents S.V.1, S.V.2, S.V.4, S.V.5, S.V.6, S.V.11, S.V.12 and S.V.15","volume":"63","author":"Hull","year":"1956","journal-title":"Am. J. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"472","article-title":"An investigation of the incidence, epidemiology and control of Simian virus 5","volume":"47","author":"Tribe","year":"1966","journal-title":"Br. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a120959","article-title":"Epidemiologic studies of latent virus infections in captive monkeys and baboons. II. Serologic evidence of myxovirus infections with special reference to SV5","volume":"89","author":"Atoynatan","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-126-32386","article-title":"Viruses recovered from laboratory dogs with respiratory disease","volume":"126","author":"Binn","year":"1967","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"1778","article-title":"SV-5-like parainfluenza virus in dogs","volume":"156","author":"Appel","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102.14.293","article-title":"A study of dogs with kennel cough","volume":"102","author":"McCandlish","year":"1978","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3007","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80200-0","article-title":"Relationships and host range of human, canine, simian and porcine isolates of simian virus 5 (parainfluenza virus 5)","volume":"85","author":"Chatziandreou","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3826","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03351-13","article-title":"Stability of the parainfluenza virus 5 genome revealed by deep sequencing of strains isolated from different hosts and following passage in cell culture","volume":"88","author":"Rima","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4524","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.10.4524-4529.2004","article-title":"Longitudinal study of viruses associated with canine infectious respiratory disease","volume":"42","author":"Erles","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"(2019, November 13). Available online: https:\/\/talk.ictvonline.org\/\/taxonomy\/p\/taxonomy-history?taxnode_id=201851632."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"1132","article-title":"Isolation of a paramyxovirus from the cerebrospinal fluid of a dog with posterior paresis","volume":"177","author":"Evermann","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.31.3.1177-1183.1981","article-title":"In vitro identification and characterization of a virus isolated from a dog with neurological dysfunction","volume":"31","author":"Baumgartner","year":"1981","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588201900111","article-title":"Acute encephalitis and hydrocephalus in dogs caused by canine parainfluenza virus","volume":"19","author":"Baumgartner","year":"1982","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2112.141111","article-title":"Parainfluenza Virus 5 as Possible Cause of Severe Respiratory Disease in Calves, China","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.14405\/kjvr.2014.54.2.107","article-title":"Isolation of novel bovine parainfluenza virus type 5 (bPIV5) and its incidence in Korean cattle","volume":"54","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Korean J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9215","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27533-8","article-title":"Accurate and precise real-time RT-PCR assays for the identification of astrovirus associated encephalitis in cattle","volume":"8","author":"Luthi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2016.10.013","article-title":"Development and validation of an immunohistochemistry procedure for the detection of a neurotropic bovine astrovirus","volume":"239","author":"Boujon","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.2.891-899.1998","article-title":"Paramyxovirus RNA synthesis and the requirement for hexamer genome length: The rule of six revisited","volume":"72","author":"Kolakofsky","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4068","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.9.4068-4079.2001","article-title":"The SH integral membrane protein of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 is required to block apoptosis in MDBK cells","volume":"75","author":"He","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2005.02.019","article-title":"Structural studies of the parainfluenza virus 5 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase tetramer in complex with its receptor, sialyllactose","volume":"13","author":"Yuan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11579","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1608383113","article-title":"Trisaccharide containing alpha2,3-linked sialic acid is a receptor for mumps virus","volume":"113","author":"Kubota","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2001.1302","article-title":"Differences in interferon sensitivity and biological properties of two related isolates of simian virus 5: A model for virus persistence","volume":"293","author":"Chatziandreou","year":"2002","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589102800409","article-title":"In vitro cytopathogenicity and in vivo virulence of two strains of canine parainfluenza virus","volume":"28","author":"Baumgartner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2007.03.061","article-title":"AGS and other tissue culture cells can unknowingly be persistently infected with PIV5; a virus that blocks interferon signalling by degrading STAT1","volume":"365","author":"Young","year":"2007","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"506","article-title":"Persistent SV5 virus infection in continuous cell cultures","volume":"20","author":"Zakstelskaya","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Virol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-65-11-1881","article-title":"Evidence for the persistence of paramyxoviruses in human bone marrows","volume":"65","author":"Goswami","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4237","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.5.4237-4242.1998","article-title":"Detection of a novel bovine lymphotropic herpesvirus","volume":"72","author":"Rovnak","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2013.08.006","article-title":"Comparison of nested PCR and qPCR for the detection and quantitation of BoHV6 DNA","volume":"194","author":"Kubis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.33.1.1-12.1937","article-title":"Viruses and Koch\u2019s Postulates","volume":"33","author":"Rivers","year":"1937","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2949","article-title":"The changing face of pathogen discovery and surveillance","volume":"11","author":"Lipkin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.04.019","article-title":"Detection of respiratory viruses and Bordetella bronchiseptica in dogs with acute respiratory tract infections","volume":"201","author":"Schulz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.10.019","article-title":"European surveillance of emerging pathogens associated with canine infectious respiratory disease","volume":"212","author":"Mitchell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2014.08.025","article-title":"What is for dinner? Viral metagenomics of US store bought beef, pork, and chicken","volume":"468\u2013470","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Endemo (2019, March 09). Available online: http:\/\/endmemo.com\/bio\/dnacopynum.php."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2006.11.007","article-title":"Bluetongue virus detection by two real-time RT-qPCRs targeting two different genomic segments","volume":"140","author":"Toussaint","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-6946(02)00170-X","article-title":"A multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the identification of cows\u2019, goats\u2019 and sheep\u2019s milk in dairy products","volume":"13","author":"Bottero","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. Dairy J."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2005.06.022","article-title":"Improved rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) for mapping both the 5\u2032 and 3\u2032 terminal sequences of paramyxovirus genomes","volume":"130","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1089\/10665270050081478","article-title":"A greedy algorithm for aligning DNA sequences","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Comput. Biol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096","article-title":"MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms","volume":"35","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/21\/2\/498\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:19:38Z","timestamp":1760361578000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/21\/2\/498"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms21020498"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21020498","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]]}}}