{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T03:23:08Z","timestamp":1782962588736,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,17]],"date-time":"2020-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN275201300006C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN275201300006C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003825","name":"Magyar Tudom\u00e1nyos Akad\u00e9mia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Momentum LP2014-7\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Momentum LP2014-7\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011666","name":"MedInProt Protein Science Research Synergy Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Synergy IV and Adhoc Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Synergy IV and Adhoc Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011666","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003549","name":"Hungarian Scientific Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K124862, K128262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K124862, K128262"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003549","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012550","name":"Nemzeti Kutat\u00e1si, Fejleszt\u00e9si \u00e9s Innovaci\u00f3s Alap","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIEK_16-1-2016-0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIEK_16-1-2016-0005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012550","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hungarian Ministry for National Economy","award":["VEKOP-2.3.3-15-2017-0014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VEKOP-2.3.3-15-2017-0014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The human placenta maintains pregnancy and supports the developing fetus by providing nutrition, gas-waste exchange, hormonal regulation, and an immunological barrier from the maternal immune system. The villous syncytiotrophoblast carries most of these functions and provides the interface between the maternal and fetal circulatory systems. The syncytiotrophoblast is generated by the biochemical and morphological differentiation of underlying cytotrophoblast progenitor cells. The dysfunction of the villous trophoblast development is implicated in placenta-mediated pregnancy complications. Herein, we describe gene modules and clusters involved in the dynamic differentiation of villous cytotrophoblasts into the syncytiotrophoblast. During this process, the immune defense functions are first established, followed by structural and metabolic changes, and then by peptide hormone synthesis. We describe key transcription regulatory molecules that regulate gene modules involved in placental functions. Based on transcriptomic evidence, we infer how villous trophoblast differentiation and functions are dysregulated in preterm preeclampsia, a life-threatening placenta-mediated obstetrical syndrome for the mother and fetus. In the conclusion, we uncover the blueprint for villous trophoblast development and its impairment in preterm preeclampsia, which may aid in the future development of non-invasive biomarkers for placental functions and early identification of women at risk for preterm preeclampsia as well as other placenta-mediated pregnancy complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21020628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]],"date-time":"2020-01-20T04:27:09Z","timestamp":1579494429000},"page":"628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Placenta-Specific Genes, Their Regulation During Villous Trophoblast Differentiation and Dysregulation in Preterm Preeclampsia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1773-6861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andras","family":"Szilagyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Systems Biology of 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Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA"},{"name":"Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20692, and Detroit, MI 48201, USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kiraly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systems Biology of Reproduction Lendulet 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Eotvos Lorand University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kata","family":"Juhasz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systems Biology of Reproduction Lendulet Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1267-7364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petronella","family":"Hupuczi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternity Private Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, H-1126 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3042-4878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katalin Adrienna","family":"Kekesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biology, Eotvos Lorand University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eotvos Lorand University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8115-8867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gudrun","family":"Meinhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoltan","family":"Papp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternity Private Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, H-1126 Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0786-8377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sorin","family":"Draghici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University 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Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.07.050","article-title":"What is the placenta?","volume":"213","author":"Burton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. 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