{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T10:52:24Z","timestamp":1792147944331,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]],"date-time":"2020-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Consejer\u00eda de Educaci\u00f3n y Deporte de la Comunidad de Madrid","award":["PEJ16\/MED\/AI-1260 and PEJD-2018_PRE\/BMD-8865"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PEJ16\/MED\/AI-1260 and PEJD-2018_PRE\/BMD-8865"]}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n GENZYME","award":["2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Th17 immune response plays a key role in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Expression of Th17-related genes in inflamed tissues has been reported in autoimmune diseases. However, values are frequently obtained using invasive methods. We aimed to identify biomarkers of MS in an accessible sample, such as blood, by quantifying the relative expression of 91 Th17-related genes in CD4+ T lymphocytes from patients with MS during a relapse or during a remitting phase. We also compared our findings with those of healthy controls. After confirmation in a validation cohort, expression of SMAD7 and S1PR1 mRNAs was decreased in remitting disease (\u20132.3-fold and \u20131.3-fold, respectively) and relapsing disease (\u20132.2-fold and \u20131.3-fold, respectively). No differential expression was observed for other SMAD7-related genes, namely, SMAD2, SMAD3, and SMAD4. Under-regulation of SMAD7 and S1PR1 was also observed in another autoimmune disease, Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) (\u22124.6-fold, -1.6-fold, respectively), suggesting the presence of common markers for autoimmune diseases. In addition, expression of TNF, SMAD2, SMAD3, and SMAD4 were also decreased in CD (\u20132.2-fold, \u20131.4-fold, \u20131.6-fold, and \u20131.6-fold, respectively). Our study suggests that expression of SMAD7 and S1PR1 mRNA in blood samples are markers for MS and CD, and TNF, SMAD2, SMAD3, and SMAD4 for CD. These genes could prove useful as markers of autoimmune diseases, thus obviating the need for invasive methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21020676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]],"date-time":"2020-01-21T03:04:43Z","timestamp":1579575883000},"page":"676","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Differential Expression of SMAD Genes and S1PR1 on Circulating CD4+ T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Crohn\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Judith","family":"Abarca-Zabal\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma Isabel","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Lozano Ros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Neurolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Mar\u00edn-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria L.","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Gin\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Neurolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"L\u00f3pez-Cauce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda L.","family":"Mart\u00edn-Barbero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Salvador-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Sanjurjo-Saez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose M.","family":"Garc\u00eda-Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Neurolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3964-5837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis A.","family":"L\u00f3pez Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Farmacia, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28007 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000205","article-title":"Advances in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis","volume":"28","author":"Yadav","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. 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