{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T22:04:21Z","timestamp":1790373861235,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]],"date-time":"2020-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16-15-00255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16-15-00255"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ocular inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of blind-causing retinal degenerative diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or photic maculopathy. Here, we report on inflammatory mechanisms that are associated with retinal degeneration induced by bright visible light, which were revealed while using a rabbit model. Histologically and electrophysiologically noticeable degeneration of the retina is preceded and accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation, as evidenced by granulocyte infiltration and edema in this tissue, as well as the upregulation of total protein, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress markers in aqueous humor (AH). Consistently, quantitative lipidomic studies of AH elucidated increase in the concentration of arachidonic (AA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids and lyso-platelet activating factor (lyso-PAF), together with pronounced oxidative and inflammatory alterations in content of lipid mediators oxylipins. These alterations include long-term elevation of prostaglandins, which are synthesized from AA via cyclooxygenase-dependent pathways, as well as a short burst of linoleic acid derivatives that can be produced by both enzymatic and non-enzymatic free radical-dependent mechanisms. The upregulation of all oxylipins is inhibited by the premedication of the eyes while using mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1, whereas the accumulation of prostaglandins and lyso-PAF can be specifically suppressed by topical treatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitor Nepafenac. Interestingly, the most prominent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits and overall retinal protective effects are achieved by simultaneous administrating of both drugs indicating their synergistic action. Taken together, these findings provide a rationale for using a combination of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant and cyclooxygenase inhibitor for the treatment of inflammatory components of retinal degenerative diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21030704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]],"date-time":"2020-01-21T11:25:59Z","timestamp":1579605959000},"page":"704","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Mechanisms and Treatment of Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration-Associated Inflammation: Insights from Biochemical Profiling of the Aqueous Humor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0137-8585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry V.","family":"Chistyakov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktoriia E.","family":"Baksheeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1885-9134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronika V.","family":"Tiulina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, 109472 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergei V.","family":"Goriainov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SREC PFUR Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2546-2418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadezhda V.","family":"Azbukina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow Lomonosov State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga S.","family":"Gancharova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow Lomonosov State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3046-4565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugene A.","family":"Arifulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey V.","family":"Komarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, 109472 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktor V.","family":"Chistyakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SREC PFUR Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia K.","family":"Tikhomirova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3046-4565","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Andrey A.","family":"Zamyatnin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavel P.","family":"Philippov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan I.","family":"Senin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina G.","family":"Sergeeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evgeni Yu.","family":"Zernii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724648","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/724648","article-title":"Inflammation in retinal disease","volume":"2013","author":"Whitcup","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. 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