{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T03:33:27Z","timestamp":1789788807279,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]],"date-time":"2020-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)","award":["26461658"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26461658"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The serine proteases kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK)\u20095 and KLK7 cleave cell adhesion molecules in the epidermis. Aberrant epidermal serine protease activity is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). We collected the stratum corneum (SC) from healthy individuals (n = 46) and AD patients (n = 63) by tape stripping and then measuring the trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like serine protease activity. We also analyzed the p.D386N and p.E420K of SPINK5 variants and loss-of-function mutations of FLG in the AD patients. The serine protease activity in the SC was increased not only in AD lesions but also in non-lesions of AD patients. We found, generally, that there was a positive correlation between the serine protease activity in the SC and the total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, serum thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) levels, and peripheral blood eosinophil counts. Moreover, the p.D386N or p.E420K in SPINK5 and FLG mutations were not significantly associated with the SC\u2019s serine protease activity. Epidermal serine protease activity was increased even in non-lesions of AD patients. Such activity was found to correlate with a number of biomarkers of AD. Further investigations of serine proteases might provide new treatments and prophylaxis for AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21030913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,31]],"date-time":"2020-01-31T05:55:46Z","timestamp":1580450146000},"page":"913","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Multifaceted Analyses of Epidermal Serine Protease Activity in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Hayato","family":"Nomura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mutsumi","family":"Suganuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Takeichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michihiro","family":"Kono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Hondo 1-1-1, Akita-shi, Akita 010-8543, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Isokane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ko","family":"Sunagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Kobashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Sugihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai","family":"Kajita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Miyake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoji","family":"Hirai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Yamasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5863-9315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masashi","family":"Akiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1374-065X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin","family":"Morizane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.10.010","article-title":"Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis: Section 1. 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