{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:14:26Z","timestamp":1790640866325,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]],"date-time":"2020-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the inflammatory joint diseases that display features of articular cartilage destruction. The underlying disturbance results from immune dysregulation that directly and indirectly influence chondrocyte physiology. In the last years, significant evidence inferred from studies in vitro and in the animal model offered a more holistic vision of chondrocytes in RA. Chondrocytes, despite being one of injured cells in RA, also undergo molecular alterations to actively participate in inflammation and matrix destruction in the human rheumatoid joint. This review covers current knowledge about the specific cellular and biochemical mechanisms that account for the chondrocyte signatures of RA and its potential applications for diagnosis and prognosis in RA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21031071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T03:13:27Z","timestamp":1581045207000},"page":"1071","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Dual Role of Chondrocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Chicken and the Egg"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Chia-Chun","family":"Tseng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Jen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-An","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Chan","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsan-Teng","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Chin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan-Yu","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1291-1739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeng-Hsien","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2487-2818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Po-Lin","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2006.04.011","article-title":"Molecular and cellular basis of rheumatoid joint destruction","volume":"106","author":"Karouzakis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunol. 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