{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:34:58Z","timestamp":1791920098798,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]],"date-time":"2020-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patients with hereditary hemochromatosis and non-transfusion-dependent hereditary anemia develop predominantly liver iron-overload. We present a unique method allowing quantification of liver iron retention in humans during first-pass of 59Fe-labeled iron through the portal system, using standard ferrokinetic techniques measuring red cell iron uptake after oral and intravenous 59Fe administration. We present data from patients with iron deficiency (ID; N = 47), hereditary hemochromatosis (HH; N = 121) and non-transfusion-dependent hereditary anemia (HA; N = 40). Mean mucosal iron uptake and mucosal iron transfer (\u00b1SD) were elevated in patients with HH (59 \u00b1 18%, 80 \u00b1 15% respectively), HA (65 \u00b1 17%, 74 \u00b1 18%) and ID (84 \u00b1 14%, 94 \u00b1 6%) compared to healthy controls (43 \u00b1 19%, 64 \u00b1 18%) (p &lt; 0.05) resulting in increased iron retention after 14 days compared to healthy controls in all groups (p &lt; 0.01). The fraction of retained iron utilized for red cell production was 0.37 \u00b1 0.17 in untreated HA, 0.55 \u00b1 0.20 in untreated HH and 0.99 \u00b1 0.22 in ID (p &lt; 0.01). Interestingly, compared to red blood cell iron utilization after oral iron administration, red blood cell iron utilization was higher after injection of transferrin-bound iron in HA and HH. Liver iron retention was considerably higher in HH and HA compared to ID. We hypothesize that albumin serves as a scavenger of absorbed Fe(II) for delivering albumin-bound Fe(III) to hepatocytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21031077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T03:13:27Z","timestamp":1581045207000},"page":"1077","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Liver Iron Retention Estimated from Utilization of Oral and Intravenous Radioiron in Various Anemias and Hemochromatosis in Humans"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Annelies J.","family":"van Vuren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"van Wijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduard J.","family":"van Beers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Van Creveldkliniek, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joannes J.M.","family":"Marx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Haematology and Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"479","article-title":"Iron absorption and its regulation. 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