{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T19:01:13Z","timestamp":1793041273690,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]],"date-time":"2020-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13-BSV1-0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["13-BSV1-0005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17-CE17-0015-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17-CE17-0015-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01CA180057-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01CA180057-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"IBPS Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","award":["2015 Coletti"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015 Coletti"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007393","name":"Association Fran\u00e7aise contre les Myopathies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20603-2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20603-2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007393","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007393","name":"Association Fran\u00e7aise contre les Myopathies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16282"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007393","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRIN 2009WBFZYM 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIN 2009WBFZYM 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRIN 2012N8YJC3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIN 2012N8YJC3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"UIF - Universit\u00e0 Italo-Francese","award":["VINCI 2018 to MH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VINCI 2018 to MH"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004271","name":"Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Avvio alla Ricerca 2019 to MH"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Avvio alla Ricerca 2019 to MH"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004271","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An idiopathic myopathy characterized by central nuclei in muscle fibers, a hallmark of muscle regeneration, has been observed in cancer patients. In cancer cachexia skeletal muscle is incapable of regeneration, consequently, this observation remains unaccounted for. In C26-tumor bearing, cachectic mice, we observed muscle fibers with central nuclei in the absence of molecular markers of bona fide regeneration. These clustered, non-peripheral nuclei were present in NCAM-expressing muscle fibers. Since NCAM expression is upregulated in denervated myofibers, we searched for additional makers of denervation, including AchRs, MUSK, and HDAC. This last one being also consistently upregulated in cachectic muscles, correlated with an increase of central myonuclei. This held true in the musculature of patients suffering from gastrointestinal cancer, where a progressive increase in the number of central myonuclei was observed in weight stable and in cachectic patients, compared to healthy subjects. Based on all of the above, the presence of central myonuclei in cancer patients and animal models of cachexia is consistent with motor neuron loss or NMJ perturbation and could underlie a previously neglected phenomenon of denervation, rather than representing myofiber damage and regeneration in cachexia. Similarly to aging, denervation-dependent myofiber atrophy could contribute to muscle wasting in cancer cachexia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21031092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T03:13:27Z","timestamp":1581045207000},"page":"1092","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Displaced Myonuclei in Cancer Cachexia Suggest Altered Innervation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Nissrine","family":"Daou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, F-75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Medhi","family":"Hassani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, F-75005 Paris, France"},{"name":"DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Interuniversity institute of Myology, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emidio","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piau\u00ed, Teresina 64000-805 PI, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1758-9857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela Salim","family":"De Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000 SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Galvao Figueredo Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000 SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilia","family":"Seelaender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000 SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1912-0339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viviana","family":"Moresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Interuniversity institute of Myology, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Rocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1409-0452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Adamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Interuniversity institute of Myology, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenlin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, F-75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Onnik","family":"Agbulut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, F-75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7373-1953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Coletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, F-75005 Paris, France"},{"name":"DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Interuniversity institute of Myology, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00305374","article-title":"Cytoplasm-to-myonucleus ratios and succinate dehydrogenase activities in adult rat slow and fast muscle fibers","volume":"275","author":"Tseng","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.045328","article-title":"Number and spatial distribution of nuclei in the muscle fibres of normal mice studied in vivo","volume":"551","author":"Bruusgaard","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01887","article-title":"Skeletal Muscles Do Not Undergo Apoptosis During Either Atrophy or Programmed Cell Death-Revisiting the Myonuclear Domain Hypothesis","volume":"9","author":"Schwartz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1966.00470070005001","article-title":"Myotubular myopathy. Persistence of fetal muscle in an adolescent boy","volume":"14","author":"Spiro","year":"1966","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00577","article-title":"The Need for a Consensus on the Locution \"Central Nuclei\" in Striated Muscle Myopathies","volume":"7","author":"Mazzotti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21141","article-title":"Adaptive and nonadaptive responses to voluntary wheel running by mdx mice","volume":"38","author":"Landisch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.7.3.559","article-title":"Multinucleation of skeletal muscle in vitro","volume":"7","author":"Capers","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/2050-490X-1-4","article-title":"Restoration versus reconstruction: Cellular mechanisms of skin, nerve and muscle regeneration compared","volume":"1","author":"Coletti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Regen. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00043.2011","article-title":"Satellite cells and the muscle stem cell niche","volume":"93","author":"Yin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1080\/19491034.2015.1090073","article-title":"Moving and positioning the nucleus in skeletal muscle\u2014One step at a time","volume":"6","author":"Cadot","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleus"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00913.2005","article-title":"Distribution of myonuclei and microtubules in live muscle fibers of young, middle-aged, and old mice","volume":"100","author":"Bruusgaard","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10914","article-title":"MAP and kinesin-dependent nuclear positioning is required for skeletal muscle function","volume":"484","author":"Metzger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.06.013","article-title":"Cachexia: A new definition","volume":"27","author":"Evans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr. (Edinb. Scotl.)"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70218-7","article-title":"Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: An international consensus","volume":"12","author":"Fearon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"109","article-title":"Highlights on Cachexia, from the 4th Cachexia Conference. Tampa (FL), 6-9 Dec 2007","volume":"18","author":"Coletti","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Transl. Myol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-009-0800-6","article-title":"Evolving classification systems for cancer cachexia: Ready for clinical practice?","volume":"18","author":"Blum","year":"2010","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7587","DOI":"10.4081\/ejtm.2018.7587","article-title":"Chemotherapy-induced muscle wasting: An update","volume":"28","author":"Coletti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Transl. Myol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1179\/174313208X281046","article-title":"Skeletal muscle is enriched in hematopoietic stem cells and not inflammatory cells in cachectic mice","volume":"30","author":"Berardi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurol. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6729268","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/6729268","article-title":"Spontaneous Physical Activity Downregulates Pax7 in Cancer Cachexia","volume":"2016","author":"Coletti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4821","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI68523","article-title":"NF-kappaB-mediated Pax7 dysregulation in the muscle microenvironment promotes cancer cachexia","volume":"123","author":"He","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6033","DOI":"10.4081\/ejtm.2016.6033","article-title":"Alpha-Linolenic Acid Reduces TNF-Induced Apoptosis in C2C12 Myoblasts by Regulating Expression of Apoptotic Proteins","volume":"26","author":"Carotenuto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Transl. Myol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.13268","article-title":"Dietary Flaxseed Mitigates Impaired Skeletal Muscle Regeneration: In Vivo, in Vitro and in Silico Studies","volume":"13","author":"Carotenuto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Med Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23612","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23612","article-title":"A non-human primate model of radiation-induced cachexia","volume":"6","author":"Cui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1179\/016164110X12556180205997","article-title":"Subclinical myopathy in patients affected with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer at clinical onset of disease: Evidence from skeletal muscle biopsies","volume":"32","author":"Zampieri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurol. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2007-0493","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibition of skeletal muscle regeneration is mediated by a caspase-dependent stem cell response","volume":"26","author":"Moresi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stem Cells (Dayt. Ohio)"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moresi, V., Garcia-Alvarez, G., Pristera, A., Rizzuto, E., Albertini, M.C., Rocchi, M., Marazzi, G., Sassoon, D., Adamo, S., and Coletti, D. (2009). Modulation of caspase activity regulates skeletal muscle regeneration and function in response to vasopressin and tumor necrosis factor. PLoS ONE, 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005570"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1159\/000356760","article-title":"Sarcopenia, cachexia and aging: Diagnosis, mechanisms and therapeutic options\u2014A mini-review","volume":"60","author":"Ali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2014.02.002","article-title":"Motoneuron loss is associated with sarcopenia","volume":"15","author":"Drey","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Med Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26464","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.26464","article-title":"Loss of adult skeletal muscle stem cells drives age-related neuromuscular junction degeneration","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5894","DOI":"10.4081\/ejtm.2016.5894","article-title":"Severely Atrophic Human Muscle Fibers with Nuclear Misplacement Survive Many Years of Permanent Denervation","volume":"26","author":"Carraro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Transl. Myol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aulino, P., Berardi, E., Cardillo, V., Rizzuto, E., Perniconi, B., and Ramina, C. (2010). Molecular, cellular and physiological characterization of the cancer cachexia-inducing C26 colon carcinoma in mouse. BMC Cancer, 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-10-363"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2011-1049","article-title":"Skeletal muscle regeneration in mice is stimulated by local overexpression of V1a-vasopressin receptor","volume":"25","author":"Toschi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.10.4.1","article-title":"Investigations on the fine structure of striated muscle fiber read before the Reale Istituto Lombardo, 13 March 1902","volume":"10","author":"Veratti","year":"1961","journal-title":"J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20780","article-title":"Blood vessels and desmin control the positioning of nuclei in skeletal muscle fibers","volume":"209","author":"Ralston","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"286","article-title":"Is the myonuclear domain size fixed?","volume":"11","author":"Jaspers","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Musculoskelet. Neuronal Interact."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1038\/337570a0","article-title":"Localization of muscle gene products in nuclear domains","volume":"337","author":"Pavlath","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3827","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.079178","article-title":"Muscle length and myonuclear position are independently regulated by distinct Dynein pathways","volume":"139","author":"Folker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2013.00363","article-title":"Nuclear positioning in muscle development and disease","volume":"4","author":"Folker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4359","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0500711102","article-title":"Syne proteins anchor muscle nuclei at the neuromuscular junction","volume":"102","author":"Grady","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2010.07.001","article-title":"Interfering with the connection between the nucleus and the cytoskeleton affects nuclear rotation, mechanotransduction and myogenesis","volume":"42","author":"Brosig","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6008","DOI":"10.4081\/ejtm.2016.6008","article-title":"Serum Response Factor in Muscle Tissues: From Development to Ageing","volume":"26","author":"Coletti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Transl. Myol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2007.01979.x","article-title":"EFNS guideline on diagnosis and management of limb girdle muscular dystrophies","volume":"14","author":"Norwood","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2011.10.006","article-title":"Centronuclear myopathies","volume":"18","author":"Romero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Semin. Pediatric Neurol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00318358","article-title":"Presence of embryonic myosin in normal postural muscles of the adult rat","volume":"280","author":"Wanek","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2014.09.010","article-title":"The need to more precisely define aspects of skeletal muscle regeneration","volume":"56","author":"Grounds","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.09.004","article-title":"Myogenin and class II HDACs control neurogenic muscle atrophy by inducing E3 ubiquitin ligases","volume":"143","author":"Moresi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1179\/174313208X281145","article-title":"Atrophy-resistant fibers in permanent peripheral denervation of human skeletal muscle","volume":"30","author":"Biral","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurol. Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4832","DOI":"10.4081\/bam.2015.2.77","article-title":"Persistent Muscle Fiber Regeneration in Long Term Denervation. Past, Present, Future","volume":"25","author":"Carraro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Transl. Myol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3292","DOI":"10.4081\/bam.2014.1.3","article-title":"The Ejtm Specials \u201cThe Long-Term Denervated Muscle\u201d","volume":"24","author":"Carraro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Transl. Myol."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"217","article-title":"The neuromuscular system in patients with anorexia nervosa: Electrophysiological and histologic studies","volume":"3","author":"Slettebo","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2006.02.022","article-title":"Satellite-cell pool size does matter: Defining the myogenic potency of aging skeletal muscle","volume":"294","author":"Shefer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00304.2012","article-title":"Muscle atrophy is not always sarcopenia","volume":"113","author":"Hepple","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-11692012000300010","article-title":"Fatigue in colorectal cancer patients: Prevalence and associated factors","volume":"20","author":"Mota","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev. Lat. Am. De Enferm."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26991","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26991","article-title":"Aerobic Exercise and Pharmacological Treatments Counteract Cachexia by Modulating Autophagy in Colon Cancer","volume":"6","author":"Pigna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"1339","article-title":"Mechanisms of skeletal muscle aging: Insights from Drosophila and mammalian models","volume":"6","author":"Demontis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dis. Models Mech."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6379","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-1147","article-title":"Daily physical-rest activities in relation to nutritional state, metabolism, and quality of life in cancer patients with progressive cachexia","volume":"13","author":"Fouladiun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1002\/gene.20160","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene transfer induces cachexia and inhibits muscle regeneration","volume":"43","author":"Coletti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genesis"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Penna, F., Costamagna, D., Fanzani, A., Bonelli, G., Baccino, F.M., and Costelli, P. (2010). Muscle wasting and impaired myogenesis in tumor bearing mice are prevented by ERK inhibition. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013604"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5958","DOI":"10.4081\/ejtm.2016.5958","article-title":"Physical Activity Counteracts Tumor Cell Growth in Colon Carcinoma C26-Injected Muscles: An Interim Report","volume":"26","author":"Hiroux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Transl. Myol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/21\/3\/1092\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T08:55:28Z","timestamp":1760172928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/21\/3\/1092"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms21031092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21031092","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]]}}}