{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T10:26:00Z","timestamp":1785839160024,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]],"date-time":"2020-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several studies have shown that women with a preeclamptic pregnancy exhibit an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Animal models are essential to investigate the causes of this increased risk and have the ability to assess possible preventive and therapeutic interventions. Using the latest technologies such as speckle tracking echocardiography (STE), it is feasible to map subclinical changes in cardiac diastolic and systolic function as well as structural changes of the maternal heart. The aim of this work is to compare cardiovascular changes in an established transgenic rat model with preeclampsia-like pregnancies with findings from human preeclamptic pregnancies by STE. The same algorithms were used to evaluate and compare the changes in echoes of human and rodents. Parameters of functionality such as global longitudinal strain (animal \u221223.54 \u00b1 1.82% vs. \u221213.79 \u00b1 0.57%, human \u221220.60 \u00b1 0.47% vs. \u221215.45 \u00b1 1.55%) as well as indications of morphological changes such as relative wall thickness (animal 0.20 \u00b1 0.01 vs. 0.25 \u00b1 0.01, human 0.34 \u00b1 0.01 vs. 0.40 \u00b1 0.02) are significantly altered in both species after preeclamptic pregnancies. Thus, the described rat model simulates the human situation quite well and is a valuable tool for future investigations regarding cardiovascular changes. STE is a unique technique that can be applied in animal models and humans with a high potential to uncover cardiovascular maladaptation and subtle pathologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21031162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T09:25:21Z","timestamp":1581413121000},"page":"1162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Speckle Tracking Echocardiography: New Ways of Translational Approaches in Preeclampsia to Detect Cardiovascular Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Kristin","family":"Kr\u00e4ker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max \u2013 Delbr\u00fcck\u2014Center for Molecular Medicine and the Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Max \u2013 Delbr\u00fcck\u2014Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2014Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Till","family":"Sch\u00fctte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2014Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2014Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10115 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5923-4798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamie","family":"O\u2019Driscoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular &amp; Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George\u2019s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"},{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit, St. George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK"},{"name":"Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Kent CT1 1QU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8306-3351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Birukov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbr\u00fccke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Patey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular &amp; Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George\u2019s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"},{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit, St. George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK"},{"name":"Brompton Centre for Fetal Cardiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6NP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9305-8134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Herse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max \u2013 Delbr\u00fcck\u2014Center for Molecular Medicine and the Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Max \u2013 Delbr\u00fcck\u2014Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2014Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik N.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max \u2013 Delbr\u00fcck\u2014Center for Molecular Medicine and the Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Max \u2013 Delbr\u00fcck\u2014Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2014Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5531-4301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basky","family":"Thilaganathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular &amp; Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George\u2019s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"},{"name":"Fetal Medicine Unit, St. George\u2019s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Haase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max \u2013 Delbr\u00fcck\u2014Center for Molecular Medicine and the Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Max \u2013 Delbr\u00fcck\u2014Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2014Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Dechend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max \u2013 Delbr\u00fcck\u2014Center for Molecular Medicine and the Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2014Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"HELIOS-Klinikum, 13125 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31820faaf8","article-title":"Effectiveness-based guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women--2011 update: A guideline from the american heart association","volume":"123","author":"Mosca","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.385301.BE","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia and risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer in later life: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"335","author":"Bellamy","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003664","article-title":"Cardiovascular implications in preeclampsia: An overview","volume":"130","author":"Melchiorre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.176537","article-title":"Preeclampsia is associated with persistent postpartum cardiovascular impairment","volume":"58","author":"Melchiorre","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02780.x","article-title":"Left ventricular function many years after recovery from pre-eclampsia","volume":"118","author":"Strobl","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.17343","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia: An important risk factor for asymptomatic heart failure","volume":"49","author":"Wissink","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ultrasound. 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