{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T23:12:52Z","timestamp":1789168372068,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31861123001, 31630082, 31872556 and 31972778"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31861123001, 31630082, 31872556 and 31972778"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Yunnan Science and Technology project","award":["2018IB019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018IB019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ribosomal proteins (RPs) are indispensable in ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis, and play a crucial role in diverse developmental processes. In the present study, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of RPs in chordates and examined the expression profiles of the complete set of 92 cytoplasmic RP genes in Nile tilapia. The RP genes were randomly distributed throughout the tilapia genome. Phylogenetic and syntenic analyses revealed the existence of duplicated RP genes from 2R (RPL3, RPL7, RPL22 and RPS27) and 3R (RPL5, RPL19, RPL22, RPL41, RPLP2, RPS17, RPS19 and RPS27) in tilapia and even more from 4R in common carp and Atlantic salmon. The RP genes were found to be expressed in all tissues examined, but their expression levels differed among different tissues. Gonadal transcriptome analysis revealed that almost all RP genes were highly expressed, and their expression levels were highly variable between ovaries and testes at different developmental stages in tilapia. No sex- and stage-specific RP genes were found. Eleven RP genes displayed sexually dimorphic expression with nine higher in XY gonad and two higher in XX gonad at all stages examined, which were proved to be phenotypic sex dependent. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry ofRPL5b and RPL24 were performed to validate the transcriptome data. The genomic resources and expression data obtained in this study will contribute to a better understanding of RPs evolution and functions in chordates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]],"date-time":"2020-02-14T10:09:57Z","timestamp":1581674997000},"page":"1230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution and Expression of the Complete Set of Cytoplasmic Ribosomal Protein Genes in Nile Tilapia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Gangqiao","family":"Kuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuqing","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoshuang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deshou","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1244156","article-title":"Mysterious ribosome pathies","volume":"341","author":"McCann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sicence"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1234864","article-title":"Ribosomal protein SA haploinsufficiency in humans with isolated congenital asplenia","volume":"340","author":"Bolze","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00250-13","article-title":"Insights into the mechanism of ribosomal incorporation of mammalian L13a protein during ribosome biogenesis","volume":"33","author":"Das","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. 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