{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T13:55:25Z","timestamp":1789134925469,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":175,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]],"date-time":"2020-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Autoantibodies encountered in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases bear clinical significance as a biomarker to help or predict diagnosis, clinical phenotypes, prognosis, and treatment decision-making. Furthermore, evidence has accumulated regarding the active involvement of disease-specific or disease-associated autoantibodies in the pathogenic process beyond simple association with the disease, and such knowledge has become essential for us to better understand the clinical value of autoantibodies as a biomarker. This review will focus on the current update on the autoantibodies of four rheumatic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, myositis, systemic sclerosis, and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis) where there has been a tremendous progress in our understanding on their biological effects and clinical use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T04:06:01Z","timestamp":1582085161000},"page":"1382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Autoantibody Biomarkers in Rheumatic Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9697-1159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun Ha","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6107-9523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"You-Jung","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun Jong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199912)42:12<2499::AID-ANR1>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"The immunologic homunculus in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"42","author":"Engel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.138461","article-title":"2010 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: An American College of Rheumatology\/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative","volume":"69","author":"Aletaha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. 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