{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:02:20Z","timestamp":1791406940831,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":349,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TR156, B11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TR156, B11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\u03b22 integrins are heterodimeric surface receptors composed of a variable \u03b1 (CD11a-CD11d) and a constant \u03b2 (CD18) subunit and are specifically expressed by leukocytes. The \u03b1 subunit defines the individual functional properties of the corresponding \u03b22 integrin, but all \u03b22 integrins show functional overlap. They mediate adhesion to other cells and to components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), orchestrate uptake of extracellular material like complement-opsonized pathogens, control cytoskeletal organization, and modulate cell signaling. This review aims to delineate the tremendous role of \u03b22 integrins for immune functions as exemplified by the phenotype of LAD-I (leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1) patients that suffer from strong recurrent infections. These immune defects have been largely attributed to impaired migratory and phagocytic properties of polymorphonuclear granulocytes. The molecular base for this inherited disease is a functional impairment of \u03b22 integrins due to mutations within the CD18 gene. LAD-I patients are also predisposed for autoimmune diseases. In agreement, polymorphisms within the CD11b gene have been associated with autoimmunity. Consequently, \u03b22 integrins have received growing interest as targets in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Moreover, \u03b22 integrin activity on leukocytes has been implicated in tumor development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]],"date-time":"2020-02-20T03:20:03Z","timestamp":1582168803000},"page":"1402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["\u03b22 Integrins\u2014Multi-Functional Leukocyte Receptors in Health and Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Monika","family":"Bednarczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstra\u00dfe 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henner","family":"Stege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstra\u00dfe 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Grabbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstra\u00dfe 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Bros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstra\u00dfe 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2007-8-5-215","article-title":"The integrins","volume":"8","author":"Takada","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2008.12.013","article-title":"Integrins during evolution: Evolutionary trees and model organisms","volume":"1788","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim. 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