{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T19:12:13Z","timestamp":1775157133688,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005923","name":"International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IASLC Fellowship 2018-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IASLC Fellowship 2018-2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has transformed with the discovery of therapeutically tractable oncogenic drivers. In addition to activating driver mutations, gene fusions or rearrangements form a unique sub-class, with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) targeted agents approved as the standard of care in the first-line setting for advanced disease. There are a number of emerging fusion drivers, however, including neurotrophin kinase (NTRK), rearrangement during transfection (RET), and neuregulin 1 (NRG1) for which there are evolving high-impact systemic treatment options. Brain metastases are highly prevalent in NSCLC patients, with molecularly selected populations such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant and ALK-rearranged tumors particularly brain tropic. Accordingly, there exists a substantial body of research pertaining to the understanding of brain metastases in such populations. Little is known, however, on the molecular mechanisms of brain metastases in those with other targetable fusion drivers in NSCLC. This review encompasses key areas including the biological underpinnings of brain metastases in fusion-driven lung cancers, the intracranial efficacy of novel systemic therapies, and future directions required to optimize the control and prevention of brain metastases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]],"date-time":"2020-02-20T03:20:03Z","timestamp":1582168803000},"page":"1416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Brain Metastases in Lung Cancers with Emerging Targetable Fusion Drivers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7292-1114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron C.","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malinda","family":"Itchins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia"},{"name":"Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Khasraw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"68","author":"Bray","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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