{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T03:53:35Z","timestamp":1790481215499,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]],"date-time":"2020-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008648","name":"Krajowy Naukowy Osrodek Wiodacy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["102\/KNOW\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102\/KNOW\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008648","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Multiple mechanisms have been suggested to confer to the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome (MetS), however despite great interest from the scientific community, the exact contribution of each of MetS risk factors still remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate molecular signatures in peripheral blood of individuals affected by MetS and different degrees of obesity. Metabolic health of 1204 individuals from 1000PLUS cohort was assessed, and 32 subjects were recruited to four study groups: MetS lean, MetS obese, \u201chealthy obese\u201d, and healthy lean. Whole-blood transcriptome next generation sequencing with functional data analysis were carried out. MetS obese and MetS lean study participants showed the upregulation of genes involved in inflammation and coagulation processes: granulocyte adhesion and diapedesis (p &lt; 0.0001, p = 0.0063), prothrombin activation pathway (p = 0.0032, p = 0.0091), coagulation system (p = 0.0010, p = 0.0155). The results for \u201chealthy obese\u201d indicate enrichment in molecules associated with protein synthesis (p &lt; 0.0001), mitochondrial dysfunction (p &lt; 0.0001), and oxidative phosphorylation (p &lt; 0.0001). Our results suggest that MetS is related to the state of inflammation and vascular system changes independent of excess body weight. Furthermore, \u201chealthy obese\u201d, despite not fulfilling the criteria for MetS diagnosis, seems to display an intermediate state with a lower degree of metabolic abnormalities, before they proceed to a full blown MetS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]],"date-time":"2020-02-21T08:59:47Z","timestamp":1582275587000},"page":"1455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Evaluation of Transcriptomic Regulations behind Metabolic Syndrome in Obese and Lean Subjects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7158-6983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Paczkowska-Abdulsalam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0701-4961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Niemira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Bielska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Sza\u0142kowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata Anna","family":"Raczkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sini","family":"Junttila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Attila","family":"Gyenesei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities, Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8805-0744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edyta","family":"Adamska-Patruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5721-2571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Maliszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Citko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6201-0605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Szczerbi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4522-4978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Kr\u0119towski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644","article-title":"Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: A joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity","volume":"120","author":"Alberti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.14.3.173","article-title":"Insulin resistance. 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