{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T02:27:05Z","timestamp":1787970425794,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":179,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK 120846"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK 120846"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK-120533"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK-120533"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK-116987"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK-116987"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15GRNT25080031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15GRNT25080031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15POST25130003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15POST25130003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2016R1C1B2012080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2016R1C1B2012080"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2019R1F1A1041410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2019R1F1A1041410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The kidney is innervated by afferent sensory and efferent sympathetic nerve fibers. Norepinephrine (NE) is the primary neurotransmitter for post-ganglionic sympathetic adrenergic nerves, and its signaling, regulated through adrenergic receptors (AR), modulates renal function and pathophysiology under disease conditions. Renal sympathetic overactivity and increased NE level are commonly seen in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and are critical factors in the progression of renal disease. Blockade of sympathetic nerve-derived signaling by renal denervation or AR blockade in clinical and experimental studies demonstrates that renal nerves and its downstream signaling contribute to progression of acute kidney injury (AKI) to CKD and fibrogenesis. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the role of renal sympathetic nerve and adrenergic receptors in AKI, AKI to CKD transition and CKDand provides new insights into the therapeutic potential of intervening in its signaling pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T03:13:28Z","timestamp":1583205208000},"page":"1647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Renal Sympathetic Nerve-Derived Signaling in Acute and Chronic Kidney Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5402-5260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi","family":"Noh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee-Seong","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1313-4791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 63243, Korea"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology &amp; Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babu","family":"Padanilam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.06.030","article-title":"AKI on CKD: heightened injury, suppressed repair, and the underlying mechanisms","volume":"92","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mnh.0000441051.36783.f3","article-title":"The link between acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease","volume":"23","author":"Belayev","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. 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