{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:45:40Z","timestamp":1760237140118,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The bacterial virus lambda (\u03bb) is a temperate bacteriophage that can lysogenize host Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells. Lysogeny requires \u03bb repressor, the cI gene product, which shuts off transcription of the phage genome. The \u03bb N protein, in contrast, is a transcriptional antiterminator, required for expression of the terminator-distal genes, and thus, \u03bb N mutants are growth-defective. When E. coli is infected with a \u03bb double mutant that is defective in both N and cI (i.e., \u03bbN-cI-), at high multiplicities of 50 or more, it forms polylysogens that contain 20\u201330 copies of the \u03bbN-cI- genome integrated in the E. coli chromosome. Early studies revealed that the polylysogens underwent \u201cconversion\u201d to long filamentous cells that form tiny colonies on agar. Here, we report a large set of altered biochemical properties associated with this conversion, documenting an overall degeneration of the bacterial envelope. These properties reverted back to those of nonlysogenic E. coli as the metastable polylysogen spontaneously lost the \u03bbN-cI- genomes, suggesting that conversion is a direct result of the multiple copies of the prophage. Preliminary attempts to identify lambda genes that may be responsible for conversion ruled out several candidates, implicating a potentially novel lambda function that awaits further studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T03:13:28Z","timestamp":1583205208000},"page":"1667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Altered Growth and Envelope Properties of Polylysogens Containing Bacteriophage Lambda N\u2212cI\u2212 Prophages"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Sailen","family":"Barik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata-700009, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nitai C.","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata-700009, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.02.010","article-title":"Bacteriophage lambda: Early pioneer and still relevant","volume":"479\u2013480","author":"Casjens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Hendrix, R.W., Roberts, J., Stahl, F., and Weisberg, R.E. 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