{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T16:41:13Z","timestamp":1787935273058,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to harness local resources to improve well-being and human health, we aim in this study to investigate if the microalgae Dunaliella sp. isolated from the Tunisian coastal zone possesses any anticancer activity. Dunaliella sp. was cultured under normal (DSC) or stressed (DSS) conditions and extracted using different procedures. The biological activity assessment was performed on the Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) using 4T1 murine cells as a model. Results indicate that: (i) aqueous extract was the most cytotoxic compared to ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts; (ii) DSS activity was superior to that of DSC. DSS extracts induced apoptosis rather than necrosis, as evidenced by DNA fragmentation, PARP-1 cleavage and caspase-3 activation. Evaluation in an orthotopic TNBC model validated the anticancer activity in vivo. Intratumoral injection of DSS extract resulted in reduced tumor growth and an enhanced immune system activation. On the transcriptional side, the expression level of the immunosuppressive enzyme Arg-1 was decreased, as well as those of NOS-2 and COX-2 genes. These results suggest a potential anticancer activity of Tunisian Dunaliella sp. deserving further attention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T13:06:23Z","timestamp":1583240783000},"page":"1719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Deciphering the Biological Activities of Dunaliella sp. Aqueous Extract from Stressed Conditions on Breast Cancer: from in Vitro to in Vivo Investigations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0869-4281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatma","family":"Elleuch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biotechnologie V\u00e9g\u00e9tale Appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019Am\u00e9lioration des Cultures, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"},{"name":"Centre de Biophysique Mol\u00e9culaire (CBM), CNRS UPR 4301, 45071 Orleans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Baril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Biophysique Mol\u00e9culaire (CBM), CNRS UPR 4301, 45071 Orleans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Barkallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d\u2019Ing\u00e9nieurs de Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Perche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Biophysique Mol\u00e9culaire (CBM), CNRS UPR 4301, 45071 Orleans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1314-0523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Slim","family":"Abdelkafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d\u2019Ing\u00e9nieurs de Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4071-5444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imen","family":"Fendri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biotechnologie V\u00e9g\u00e9tale Appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019Am\u00e9lioration des Cultures, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3161-3937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chantal","family":"Pichon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Biophysique Mol\u00e9culaire (CBM), CNRS UPR 4301, 45071 Orleans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4490\/algae.2011.26.1.003","article-title":"The unicellular green alga Dunaliella salina Teod. 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