{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:40:07Z","timestamp":1787316007812,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]],"date-time":"2020-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT), Republic of Korea","award":["50535-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["50535-2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although radiotherapy plays a crucial in the management of pelvic tumors, its toxicity on surrounding healthy tissues such as the small intestine, colon, and rectum is one of the major limitations associated with its use. In particular, proctitis is a major clinical complication of pelvic radiotherapy. Recent evidence suggests that endothelial injury significantly affects the initiation of radiation-induced inflammation. The damaged endothelial cells accelerate immune cell recruitment by activating the expression of endothelial adhesive molecules, which participate in the development of tissue damage. Pravastatin, a cholesterol lowering drug, exerts persistent anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects on irradiated endothelial cells and inhibits the interaction of leukocytes and damaged endothelial cells. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of pravastatin on radiation-induced endothelial damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cell and a murine proctitis model. Pravastatin attenuated epithelial damage and inflammatory response in irradiated colorectal lesions. In particular, pravastatin improved radiation-induced endothelial damage by regulating thrombomodulin (TM) expression. In addition, exogenous TM inhibited leukocyte adhesion to the irradiated endothelial cells. Thus, pravastatin can inhibit endothelial damage by inducing TM, thereby alleviating radiation proctitis. Therefore, we suggest that pharmacological modulation of endothelial TM may limit intestinal inflammation after irradiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]],"date-time":"2020-03-10T11:59:36Z","timestamp":1583841576000},"page":"1897","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Pravastatin Alleviates Radiation Proctitis by Regulating Thrombomodulin in Irradiated Endothelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Hyosun","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Radiation Exposure &amp; Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seo-Young","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Radiation Exposure &amp; Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunhoo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Radiation Exposure &amp; Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5561-6457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyuchang","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Radiation Exposure &amp; Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-heon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Radiation Exposure &amp; Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyoung","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Radiation Exposure &amp; Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyewon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Radiation Exposure &amp; Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Won-Suk","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Radiation Exposure &amp; Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun-Joo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Radiation Exposure &amp; Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Radiation Exposure &amp; Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Kyung","family":"Myung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Radiation Exposure &amp; Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sehwan","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Radiation Exposure &amp; Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1950","article-title":"Preventing or reducing late side effects of radiation therapy: Radiobiology meetsmolecular pathology","volume":"6","author":"Bentzen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. 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