{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T11:36:45Z","timestamp":1790854605364,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]],"date-time":"2020-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since 2009, we built up a database which presently includes more than 2000 electrohypersensitivity (EHS) and\/or multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) self-reported cases. This database shows that EHS is associated in 30% of the cases with MCS, and that MCS precedes the occurrence of EHS in 37% of these EHS\/MCS-associated cases. EHS and MCS can be characterized clinically by a similar symptomatic picture, and biologically by low-grade inflammation and an autoimmune response involving autoantibodies against O-myelin. Moreover, 80% of the patients with EHS present with one, two, or three detectable oxidative stress biomarkers in their peripheral blood, meaning that overall these patients present with a true objective somatic disorder. Moreover, by using ultrasonic cerebral tomosphygmography and transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, we showed that cases have a defect in the middle cerebral artery hemodynamics, and we localized a tissue pulsometric index deficiency in the capsulo-thalamic area of the temporal lobes, suggesting the involvement of the limbic system and the thalamus. Altogether, these data strongly suggest that EHS is a neurologic pathological disorder which can be diagnosed, treated, and prevented. Because EHS is becoming a new insidious worldwide plague involving millions of people, we ask the World Health Organization (WHO) to include EHS as a neurologic disorder in the international classification of diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21061915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,12]],"date-time":"2020-03-12T04:13:57Z","timestamp":1583986437000},"page":"1915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Electrohypersensitivity as a Newly Identified and Characterized Neurologic Pathological Disorder: How to Diagnose, Treat, and Prevent It"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9132-2077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique","family":"Belpomme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Association for Research Against Cancer (ARTAC), 57\/59 rue de la Convention, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"European Cancer and Environment Research Institute (ECERI), 1000 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Cancer Clinical Research, Paris V University Hospital, 75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Irigaray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association for Research Against Cancer (ARTAC), 57\/59 rue de la Convention, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"European Cancer and Environment Research Institute (ECERI), 1000 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"214","article-title":"Electromagnetic field sensitivity","volume":"10","author":"Rea","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Bioeletricity"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Bergqvist, U., and Vogel, E. (1997). Possible health implications of subjective symptoms and electromagnetic fields. A Report Prepared by a European Group of Experts for the European Commission, DGV, Swedish National Institute for Working Life. Available online: http:\/\/www2.niwl.se\/forlag\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1081\/JBC-120003113","article-title":"Symptoms experienced by users of digital cellular phones: A study of a French engineering school","volume":"21","author":"Santini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Electromagn. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1081\/JBC-120020353","article-title":"Survey study of people living in the vicinity of cellular phone base stations","volume":"22","author":"Santini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Electromagn. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Mild, K.H., Repacholi, M., van Deventer, E., and Ravazzani, P. Electromagnetic hypersensitivity. Proceedings of the WHO International Seminar and Working Group Meeting on EMF Hypersensitivity, Prague, Czech Republic, 25\u201327 October 2004."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"WHO (World Health Organization) (2005). Electromagnetic Fields and Public Health, Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity, World Health Organization. WHO Fact Sheet No. 296."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"(2019, December 06). Report of the Workshop on Multiple Chemical Sensitivities (MCS), Berlin, Germany, 21\u201323 February 1996. Available online: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/26723\/browse?authority=Multiple+Chemical+Sensitivity&type=mesh."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"WHO (World Health Organization) (2014). Electromagnetic Fields and Public Health: Mobile Phones, World Health Organization. Fact sheet No. 193."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Royal Belgium Academy of Medicine (2015). 2015 Brussels International Scientific Declaration on Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity and Multiple Chemical Sensitivity, Royal Belgium Academy of Medicine. Available online: eceri-institute.org\/fichiers\/1441982765_Statement_EN_DEFINITIF.pdf."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2015-0027","article-title":"Reliable disease biomarkers characterizing and identifying electrohypersensitivity and multiple chemical sensitivity as two etiopathogenic aspects of a unique pathological disorder","volume":"30","author":"Belpomme","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.07.019","article-title":"Thermal and non-thermal health effects of low intensity non-ionizing radiation: An international perspective","volume":"242","author":"Belpomme","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"143","article-title":"How Ultrasonic Cerebral Tomosphygmography can Contribute to the Diagnosis of Electrohypersensitivity","volume":"6","author":"Irigaray","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Diagn. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2005.05.009","article-title":"Electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) and subjective health complaints associated with electromagnetic fields of mobile phone communication\u2014A literature review published between 2000 and 2004","volume":"349","author":"Seitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.1999.0923","article-title":"A theoretical model based upon mast cells and histamine to explain the recently proclaimed sensitivity to electric and\/or magnetic fields in humans","volume":"54","author":"Gangi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cccn.2003.12.008","article-title":"Peripheral markers of blood-brain barrier damage","volume":"342","author":"Marchi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0119-9","article-title":"S100B as a marker for brain damage and blood-brain barrier disruption following exercise","volume":"44","author":"Koh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1023\/B:NERE.0000014828.32200.bd","article-title":"Peroxynitrite mediates nitric oxide-induced blood-brain barrier damage","volume":"29","author":"Tan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7334","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.11.7334","article-title":"A peroxynitrite-dependent pathway is responsible for blood-brain barrier permeability changes during a central nervous system inflammatory response: TNF-alpha is neither necessary nor sufficient","volume":"178","author":"Phares","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00029.2006","article-title":"Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in health and disease","volume":"87","author":"Pacher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-013-9990-y","article-title":"Hemoglobin-induced nitric oxide synthase overexpression and nitric oxide production contribute to blood-brain barrier disruption in the rat","volume":"51","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1398.019","article-title":"Autoimmune reactions after electro-oxidation of IgG from healthy persons: Relevance of electric current and antioxidants","volume":"1109","author":"Bozic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"1885","article-title":"Oxidative stress in electrohypersensitivity self-reporting patients: Results of a prospective in vivo investigation with comprehensive molecular analysis","volume":"42","author":"Irigaray","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.297","article-title":"Nocturnal excretion of a urinary melatonin metabolite among electric utility workers","volume":"24","author":"Burch","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scand. J. Work Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1996.tb00275.x","article-title":"Effects of exposure to 16.7 Hz magnetic fields on urinary 6-hydroxymelatonin ulfate excretion of Swiss railway workers","volume":"21","author":"Pfluger","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0302-4598(98)00152-4","article-title":"Melatonin in the context of the reported bioeffects of environmental electromagnetic fields","volume":"47","author":"Reiter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bioelectroch. Bioener."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1996.tb39077.x","article-title":"Melatonin in the context of the free radical theory of aging","volume":"786","author":"Reiter","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(97)00030-1","article-title":"Pharmacological actions of melatonin in oxygen radical pathophysiology","volume":"60","author":"Reiter","year":"1997","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"The Bioinitiative Report 2012 (2019, December 06). A Rationale for Biologically based Public Exposure Standards for Electromagnetic Fields (ELF and RF). Available online: www.bioinitiative.org."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20554","article-title":"Signal transduction of the melatonin receptor MT1 is disrupted in breast cancer cells by electromagnetic fields","volume":"31","author":"Girgert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.292.3148","article-title":"Frequency of migraine in patients with allergic rhinitis","volume":"29","author":"Ozturk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pak. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"291","article-title":"Functional brain MRI in patients complaining of electrohypersensitivity after long term exposure to electromagnetic fields","volume":"32","author":"Heuser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/00039899909602251","article-title":"Multiple chemical sensitivity: A 1999 consensus","volume":"54","author":"Bartha","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.31989\/ffhd.v8i2.406","article-title":"Beneficial effects of a Fermented Papaya Preparation for the treatment of electrohypersensitivity self-reporting patients: Results of a phase I-II clinical trial with special reference to cerebral pulsation measurement and oxidative stress analysis","volume":"8","author":"Irigaray","year":"2018","journal-title":"Funct. Foods Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2010.09.006","article-title":"Applications and bioefficacy of the functional food supplement fermented papaya preparation","volume":"278","author":"Aruoma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2012.01.014","article-title":"Effects of a short-term supplementation of a fermented papaya preparation on biomarkers of diabetes mellitus in a randomized Mauritian population","volume":"54","author":"Somanah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.4236\/jbpc.2012.34038","article-title":"Protective effect of fermented papaya preparation on stress-induced acute gastric mucosal lesion","volume":"3","author":"Murakamai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biophys. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.4149\/gpb_2011_01_84","article-title":"900 MHz pulse-modulated radiofrequency radiation induces oxidative stress on heart, lung, testis and liver tissues","volume":"30","author":"Esmekaya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gen. Physiol. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"219","article-title":"Overproduction of free radical species in embryonal cells exposed to low intensity radiofrequency radiation","volume":"35","author":"Burlaka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"rrz097","article-title":"Testing of behavioral and cognitive development in rats after prenatal exposure to 1800 and 2400 MHz radiofrequency fields","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Radiat. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"539","article-title":"Testing the neural sensitization and kindling hypothesis for illness from low levels of environmental chemicals","volume":"105","author":"Bell","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1296-1382","article-title":"Pyridostigmine brain penetration under stress enahances neuronal excitability and induces early immediate transcriptional response","volume":"2","author":"Friedman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05814.x","article-title":"Repeated formaldehyde effects in an animal model for multiple chemical sensitivity","volume":"933","author":"Sorg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2015.10.009","article-title":"Low intensity microwave radiation induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response and DNA damage in rat brain","volume":"51","author":"Megha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3109\/15368378.2011.587930","article-title":"900-MHz microwave radiation promotes oxidation in rat brain","volume":"30","author":"Kesari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Electromagn. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"LeRuz, P. (2019, December 06). Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude des Effets Biologiques des Rayonnements non Ionisants. Effets Sp\u00e9cifiques (non Thermiques) de sondes \u00c9lectromagn\u00e9tiques, de haute Fr\u00e9quence, sur les Fonctions Corticotrope et Gonadotrope chez le rat. Th\u00e8se de 3e Cycle: Sciences Biologiques et Fondamentales Appliqu\u00e9es. Psychologie: Rennes 1: 1980. Available online: https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/contribution-a-letude-des-effets-biologiques-des-rayonnements-non-ionisants-effets-specifiques-non-thermiques-des-ondes-electromagnetiques-de-haute-frequence-sur-les-fonctions-corticotrope-et-gonadotrope-chez-le-rat\/oclc\/490795001."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.7.2.8440406","article-title":"Electromagnetic field interactions with biological systems","volume":"7","author":"Frey","year":"1993","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/15368370701410558","article-title":"The urban decline of the house sparrow (Passer domesticus): A possible link with electromagnetic radiation","volume":"26","author":"Balmori","year":"2007","journal-title":"Electromagn. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-007-0664-2","article-title":"High frequency (900 MHz) low amplitude (5 V m-1) electromagnetic field: A genuine environmental stimulus that affects transcription, translation, calcium and energy charge in tomato","volume":"227","author":"Roux","year":"2008","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2014.00445","article-title":"Magnetic field effects on plant growth, development, and evolution","volume":"5","author":"Maffei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Plant. Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioelechem.2003.11.010","article-title":"Comparison of the low-frequency magnetic field effects on bacteria Escherichia coli, Leclercia adecarboxylata and Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"63","author":"Fojt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bioelectrochemistry"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.02.011","article-title":"900 MHz electromagnetic field exposure affects qualitative and quantitative features of hippocampal pyramidal cells in the adult female rat","volume":"1265","author":"Bas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.3109\/09553002.2015.1083629","article-title":"Effects of chronic exposure to 950 MHz ultra-highfrequency electromagnetic radiation on reactive oxygen species metabolism in the right and left cerebral cortex of young rats of different ages","volume":"91","author":"Borba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiat. Biol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-6580.111549","article-title":"Detection of low level microwave radiation induced deoxyribonucleic acid damage vis-a-vis genotoxicity in brain of fischer rats","volume":"20","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Int."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2009.02.001","article-title":"Cell phone radiation. Evidence from ELF and RF studies supporting more inclusive risk identification and assessment","volume":"16","author":"Blackman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pathophysiology"},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"49","article-title":"Biophysical mechanisms for nonthermal microwave effects","volume":"Volume 2015","author":"Markov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Electromagnetic Fields in Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14914","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14914","article-title":"Polarization: A Key Difference between Man-made and Natural Electromagnetic Fields, in regard to Biological Activity","volume":"12","author":"Panagopoulos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2007.07.002","article-title":"The multitude and diversity of environmental carcinogens","volume":"105","author":"Belpomme","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgp252","article-title":"Basic properties and molecular mechanisms of exogenous chemical carcinogens","volume":"31","author":"Irigaray","year":"2010","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.644","article-title":"Prevalence of self-reported hypersensitivity to electric or magnetic fields in a population-based questionnaire survey","volume":"28","author":"Hillert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scand. J. Work Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2013.08.005","article-title":"Overlap in prevalence between various types of environmental intolerance","volume":"217","author":"Palmquist","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"202","article-title":"The prevalence of symptoms attributed to electromagnetic field exposure: A cross-sectional representative survey in Switzerland","volume":"51","author":"Schreier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soz Prav."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crhy.2010.10.007","article-title":"Sense and sensibility in the context of radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure","volume":"11","author":"Mohler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comptes Rendus Phys."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2007.037721","article-title":"Mobile phone base stations and adverse health effects: Phase 1 of a population-based, cross-sectional study in Germany","volume":"66","author":"Blettner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-011-0310-4","article-title":"Determinants and stability over time of perception of health risks related to mobile phone base stations","volume":"57","author":"Kowall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.02110s4619","article-title":"Study of self-reported hypersensitivity to electromagnetic fields in California","volume":"110","author":"Levallois","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20500","article-title":"Self-report of physical symptoms associated with using mobile phones and other electrical devices","volume":"30","author":"Korpinen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20279","article-title":"Development and evaluation of the electromagnetic hypersensitivity questionnaire","volume":"28","author":"Eltiti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2011.08.005","article-title":"Prevalence and psychiatric comorbidity of self-reported electromagnetic field sensitivity in Taiwan: A population-based study","volume":"110","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schr\u00f6ttner, J., and Leitgeb, N. (2008). Sensitivity to electricity\u2014Temporal changes in Austria. BMC Public Health, 8.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-310"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20446","article-title":"Effects of short-term W-CDMA mobile phone base station exposure on women with or without mobile phone related symptoms","volume":"30","author":"Furubayashi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioelectromagnetics"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2014.02.008","article-title":"Comparing non-specific physical symptoms in environmentally sensitive patients: Prevalence, duration, functional status and illness behavior","volume":"76","author":"Baliatsas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Psychosom Res."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1177\/1757913913492931","article-title":"Symptom attribution and risk perception in individuals with idiopathic environmental intolerance to electromagnetic fields and in the general population","volume":"134","author":"Smid","year":"2014","journal-title":"Perspect. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/15368370600873377","article-title":"Letter to the editor: Will we all become electrosensitive?","volume":"25","author":"Hallberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Electromagn. Biol. Med."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/21\/6\/1915\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:06:05Z","timestamp":1760173565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/21\/6\/1915"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms21061915"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21061915","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]]}}}