{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T20:08:20Z","timestamp":1774382900732,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]],"date-time":"2020-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The research for innovative treatments against colon adenocarcinomas is still a great challenge. Acacia catechu Willd. heartwood extract (AC) has health-promoting qualities, especially at the gastrointestinal level. This study characterized AC for its catechins content and investigated the apoptosis-enhancing effect in human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells, along with its ability to spare healthy tissue. MTT assay was used to describe the time course, concentration dependence and reversibility of AC-mediated cytotoxicity. Cell cycle analysis and AV-PI and DAPI-staining were performed to evaluate apoptosis, together with ROS formation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) changes and caspase activities. Rat ileum and colon rings were tested for their viability and functionality to explore AC effects on healthy tissue. Quantitative analysis highlighted that AC was rich in (\u00b1)-catechin (31.5 \u00b1 0.82 mg\/g) and (\u2212)-epicatechin (12.5 \u00b1 0.42 mg\/g). AC irreversibly decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent, but not time-dependent fashion. Cytotoxicity was accompanied by increases in apoptotic cells and ROS, a reduction in MMP and increases in caspase-9 and 3 activities. AC did not affect rat ileum and colon rings\u2019 viability and functionality, suggesting a safe profile toward healthy tissue. The present findings outline the potential of AC for colon cancer treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21062102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]],"date-time":"2020-03-19T10:01:35Z","timestamp":1584612095000},"page":"2102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Apoptotic-Induced Effects of Acacia Catechu Willd. Extract in Human Colon Cancer Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Elda","family":"Chiaino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Universit\u00e0 di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3525-1531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Micucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Durante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Universit\u00e0 di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8454-9740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Budriesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Gotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Marzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valsambro S.r.l., Via Cairoli 2, 40121 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8388-7441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Chiarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4452-8128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Frosini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Universit\u00e0 di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0189-8","article-title":"Global burden of colorectal cancer: Emerging trends, risk factors and prevention strategies","volume":"16","author":"Keum","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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