{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:21:19Z","timestamp":1791908479310,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,28]],"date-time":"2020-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endometriosis is a gynecological condition that is associated with chronic pelvic inflammation, pain, and infertility. Although substantial evidence supports that immunological alterations contribute to its pathogenesis and we previously posed a pivotal role of Galectin-9 (Gal-9) in this disorder, the involvement of the TIM-3\/Gal-9 pathway in the development of endometriosis-associated immunological abnormalities is not yet known. In the present study, multicolor flow cytometry was used to compare the immunophenotype and cell surface expression of TIM-3 and Gal-9 molecules on peripheral blood (PB) and peritoneal fluid (PF) lymphocytes of women with and without endometriosis. We found an altered distribution of different lymphocyte subpopulations, a markedly decreased TIM-3 labeling on all T and NK subsets and a significantly increased Gal-9 positivity on peripheral CD4+ T and Treg cells of the affected cohort. Furthermore, a significantly increased TIM-3 expression on CD4+T-cells and elevated Gal-9 labeling on all T and NK subsets was also revealed in the PF of the examined patients. In conclusion, our results suggest a persistent activation and disturbed TIM-3\/Gal-9-dependent regulatory function in endometriosis, which may be involved in the impaired immune surveillance mechanisms, promotes the survival of ectopic lesions, and aids the evolution of reproductive failures in endometriosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21072343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T03:44:13Z","timestamp":1585712653000},"page":"2343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Different Expression Pattern of TIM-3 and Galectin-9 Molecules by Peripheral and Peritoneal Lymphocytes in Women with and without Endometriosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Matyas","family":"Meggyes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical Centre, Medical School, University of Pecs, 12 Szigeti Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary"},{"name":"Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 20 Ifjusag Street, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1208-2969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laszlo","family":"Szereday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical Centre, Medical School, University of Pecs, 12 Szigeti Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary"},{"name":"Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 20 Ifjusag Street, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noemi","family":"Bohonyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Centre, Medical School, University of Pecs, 17 Edesanyak Street, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miklos","family":"Koppan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Centre, Medical School, University of Pecs, 17 Edesanyak Street, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarolta","family":"Szegedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Centre, Medical School, University of Pecs, 17 Edesanyak Street, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Marics-Kutas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Centre, Medical School, University of Pecs, 17 Edesanyak Street, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Marton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical Centre, Medical School, University of Pecs, 12 Szigeti Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anett","family":"Totsimon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical Centre, Medical School, University of Pecs, 12 Szigeti Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Polgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical Centre, Medical School, University of Pecs, 12 Szigeti Street, 7624 Pecs, Hungary"},{"name":"Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 20 Ifjusag Street, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-009-1055-7","article-title":"OC-125 immunostaining in endometriotic lesion samples","volume":"281","author":"Barbosa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. 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