{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:47:04Z","timestamp":1787028424919,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]],"date-time":"2020-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 EY026635"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 EY026635"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 EY029220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 EY029220"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EY 011386"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY 011386"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GM 114839"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GM 114839"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to prevent blindness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["unrestricted to department"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["unrestricted to department"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The autoimmune disorder, Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (SS), is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and loss of function of exocrine glands such as the lacrimal gland (LG) and salivary gland. SS-associated changes in the LG are associated with the development of autoimmune-mediated dry eye disease. We have previously reported the accumulation of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in the LG of Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice, a murine model of autoimmune-mediated dry eye in SS, in both LG acinar cells and infiltrating lymphocytes. ICAM-1 initiates T-cell activation and can trigger T-cell migration through binding to lymphocyte function-associated 1 antigen (LFA). To modulate this interaction, this study introduces a new tool, a multivalent biopolymeric nanoparticle assembled from a diblock elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) using the S48I48 (SI) ELP scaffold fused with a mouse ICAM-1 targeting peptide to form IBP-SI. IBP-SI forms a multivalent, monodisperse nanoparticle with a radius of 21.9 nm. Unlike the parent SI, IBP-SI binds mouse ICAM-1 and is internalized by endocytosis into transfected HeLa cells before it accumulates in lysosomes. In vitro assays measuring lymphocyte adhesion to Tumor Necrosis Factor TNF-\u03b1-treated bEnd.3 cells, which express high levels of ICAM-1, show that adhesion is inhibited by IBP-SI but not by SI, with IC50 values of 62.7 \u03bcM and 81.2 \u03bcM, respectively, in two different assay formats. IBP-SI, but not SI, also blocked T-cell proliferation in a mixed lymphocyte reaction by 74% relative to proliferation in an untreated mixed cell reaction. These data suggest that a biopolymeric nanoparticle with affinity for ICAM-1 can disrupt ICAM-1 and LFA interactions in vitro and may have further utility as an in vivo tool or potential therapeutic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21082758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]],"date-time":"2020-04-16T05:15:41Z","timestamp":1587014141000},"page":"2758","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["A Multivalent ICAM-1 Binding Nanoparticle which Inhibits ICAM-1 and LFA-1 Interaction Represents a New Tool for the Investigation of Autoimmune-Mediated Dry Eye"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Pang-Yu","family":"Hsueh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaping","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrianna","family":"Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7399-4358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria C.","family":"Edman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Andrew","family":"MacKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8195-5703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah F.","family":"Hamm-Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-012513-104728","article-title":"Sjogren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Mavragani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. 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