{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T01:24:34Z","timestamp":1792027474136,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]],"date-time":"2020-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The article processing charge is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the University of Freiburg in the funding program Open Access Publishing.","award":["The article processing charge is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the University of Freiburg in the funding program Open Access Publishing."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["The article processing charge is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the University of Freiburg in the funding program Open Access Publishing."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Colobomata, persistent optic fissures, frequently cause congenital blindness. Here, we focused on optic fissure fusion using in vivo time-lapse imaging in zebrafish. We identified the fusion initiating cells, which we termed \u201cpioneer cells.\u201d Based on morphology, localization, and downregulation of the neuroretinal (NR) precursor marker rx2, these cells could be considered as retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) progenitors. Notably, pioneer cells regain rx2 expression and integrate into the NR after fusion, indicating that they do not belong to the pool of RPE progenitors, supported by the lack of RPE marker expression in pioneer cells. They establish the first cellular contact between the margins in the proximal fissure region and separate the hyaloid artery and vein. After initiation, the fusion site is progressing distally, increasing the distance between the hyaloid artery and vein. A timed BMP (Bone Morphogenetic Protein) induction, resulting in coloboma, did not alter the morphology of the fissure margins, but it did affect the expression of NR and RPE markers within the margins. In addition, it resulted in a persisting basal lamina and persisting remnants of periocular mesenchyme and hyaloid vasculature within the fissure, supporting the necessity of BMP antagonism within the fissure margins. The hampered fissure fusion had severe effects on the vasculature of the eye.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21082760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]],"date-time":"2020-04-16T13:01:39Z","timestamp":1587042099000},"page":"2760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["In Vivo Analysis of Optic Fissure Fusion in Zebrafish: Pioneer Cells, Basal Lamina, Hyaloid Vessels, and How Fissure Fusion is Affected by BMP"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Priska","family":"Eckert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max D.","family":"Knickmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Heermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180179","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.180179","article-title":"Morphogenesis and axis specification occur in parallel during optic cup and optic fissure formation, differentially modulated by BMP and WNT","volume":"9","author":"Eckert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.17.1.255","article-title":"Early eye development in vertebrates","volume":"17","author":"Chow","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. 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