{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T15:26:51Z","timestamp":1778858811017,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":252,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,19]],"date-time":"2020-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The bovine immune system is known for its unusual traits relating to immunoglobulin and antiviral responses. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are phylogenetically conserved enzymes that cause post-translational deimination, contributing to protein moonlighting in health and disease. PADs also regulate extracellular vesicle (EV) release, forming a critical part of cellular communication. As PAD-mediated mechanisms in bovine immunology and physiology remain to be investigated, this study profiled deimination signatures in serum and serum-EVs in Bos taurus. Bos EVs were poly-dispersed in a 70\u2013500 nm size range and showed differences in deiminated protein cargo, compared with whole sera. Key immune, metabolic and gene regulatory proteins were identified to be post-translationally deiminated with some overlapping hits in sera and EVs (e.g., immunoglobulins), while some were unique to either serum or serum-EVs (e.g., histones). Protein\u2013protein interaction network analysis of deiminated proteins revealed KEGG pathways common for serum and serum-EVs, including complement and coagulation cascades, viral infection (enveloped viruses), viral myocarditis, bacterial and parasitic infections, autoimmune disease, immunodeficiency intestinal IgA production, B-cell receptor signalling, natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, platelet activation and hematopoiesis, alongside metabolic pathways including ferroptosis, vitamin digestion and absorption, cholesterol metabolism and mineral absorption. KEGG pathways specific to EVs related to HIF-1 signalling, oestrogen signalling and biosynthesis of amino acids. KEGG pathways specific for serum only, related to Epstein\u2013Barr virus infection, transcription mis-regulation in cancer, bladder cancer, Rap1 signalling pathway, calcium signalling pathway and ECM-receptor interaction. This indicates differences in physiological and pathological pathways for deiminated proteins in serum-EVs, compared with serum. Our findings may shed light on pathways underlying a number of pathological and anti-pathogenic (viral, bacterial, parasitic) pathways, with putative translatable value to human pathologies, zoonotic diseases and development of therapies for infections, including anti-viral therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21082861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T04:49:38Z","timestamp":1587444578000},"page":"2861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Post-Translational Protein Deimination Signatures in Serum and Serum-Extracellular Vesicles of Bos taurus Reveal Immune, Anti-Pathogenic, Anti-Viral, Metabolic and Cancer-Related Pathways for Deimination"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Michael F.","family":"Criscitiello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&amp;M Health Science Center, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1822-278X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Kraev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7193-3102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sigrun","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6XH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilson, D.E., and Reeder, D.M. (2005). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Johns Hopkins University Press. [3rd ed.]. online edition.","DOI":"10.56021\/9780801882210"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-018-0004-9","article-title":"Mechanisms of cancer resistance in long-lived mammals","volume":"18","author":"Seluanov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23301","article-title":"Rapid elicitation of broadly neutralizing antibodies to HIV by immunization in cows","volume":"548","author":"Sok","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ai.2017.12.004","article-title":"The Unusual Genetics and Biochemistry of Bovine Immunoglobulins","volume":"137","author":"Stanfield","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2017.117","article-title":"Immunogenetic factors driving formation of ultralong VH CDR3 in Bos taurus antibodies","volume":"16","author":"Deiss","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.10357","article-title":"PAD, a growing family of citrullinating enzymes: Genes, features and involvement in disease","volume":"25","author":"Vossenaar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2006.03.008","article-title":"Citrullination: A posttranslational modification in health and disease","volume":"38","author":"Toth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.22127","article-title":"The protein arginine deiminases: Structure, function, inhibition, and disease","volume":"99","author":"Bicker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2013.07.003","article-title":"Peptidylarginine deiminases in citrullination, gene regulation, health and pathogenesis","volume":"1829","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450116666150202160954","article-title":"Protein Arginine Deiminases and Associated Citrullination: Physiological Functions and Diseases Associated with Dysregulation","volume":"16","author":"Witalison","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lange, S., Gallagher, M., Kholia, S., Kosgodage, U.S., Hristova, M., Hardy, J., and Inal, J.M. (2017). Peptidylarginine Deiminases-Roles in Cancer and Neurodegeneration and Possible Avenues for Therapeutic Intervention via Modulation of Exosome and Microvesicle (EMV) Release?. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18061196"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20140273","article-title":"Protein moonlighting: A new factor in biology and medicine","volume":"42","author":"Henderson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20160523","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0523","article-title":"Protein moonlighting: What is it, and why is it important?","volume":"373","author":"Jeffrey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-009-9738-5","article-title":"Peptidylarginine deiminase gene is differentially expressed in freshwater and brackish water rainbow trout","volume":"37","author":"Rebl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2018.06.006","article-title":"Post-translational Protein Deimination in Cod (Gadus morhua L.) Ontogeny\u2013Novel Roles in Tissue Remodelling and Mucosal Immune Defences?","volume":"87","author":"Magnadottir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2018.10.016","article-title":"Peptidylarginine Deiminase and Deiminated Proteins are detected throughout Early Halibut Ontogeny-Complement Components C3 and C4 are post-translationally Deiminated in Halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.)","volume":"92","author":"Magnadottir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Comp Immunol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.06.012","article-title":"Deiminated proteins in extracellular vesicles and plasma of nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum)\u2014Novel insights into shark immunity","volume":"92","author":"Criscitiello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gavinho, B., Rossi, I.V., Evans-Osses, I., Lange, S., and Ramirez, M.I. (2019). Peptidylarginine deiminase inhibition abolishes the production of large extracellular vesicles from Giardia intestinalis, affecting host-pathogen interactions by hindering adhesion to host cells. BioRxiv, 586438.","DOI":"10.1101\/586438"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enzmictec.2019.02.004","article-title":"Biochemical characterization of peptidylarginine deiminase-like orthologs from thermotolerant Emericella dentata and Aspergillus nidulans","volume":"124","author":"Shindia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Enzyme Microb Technol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32481","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C114.617142","article-title":"Peptidyl arginine deiminase from Porphyromonas gingivalis abolishes anaphylatoxin C5a activity","volume":"289","author":"Bielecka","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00227","article-title":"Peptidylarginine Deiminase Inhibitors Reduce Bacterial Membrane Vesicle Release and Sensitize Bacteria to Antibiotic Treatment","volume":"9","author":"Kosgodage","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03612.x","article-title":"Deimination of human myelin basic protein by a peptidylarginine deiminase from bovine brain","volume":"61","author":"Lamensa","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4838(98)00175-7","article-title":"A novel microtubule independent effect of paclitaxel: The inhibition of peptidylarginine deiminase from bovine brain","volume":"1388","author":"Pritzker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895343","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/895343","article-title":"Potential role of peptidylarginine deiminase enzymes and protein citrullination in cancer pathogenesis","volume":"2012","author":"Mohanan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2011.04.015","article-title":"Protein deiminases: New players in the developmentally regulated loss of neural regenerative ability","volume":"355","author":"Lange","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12744","article-title":"Peptidylarginine deiminases: Novel drug targets for prevention of neuronal damage following hypoxic ischemic insult (HI) in neonates","volume":"130","author":"Lange","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2016.00022","article-title":"Peptidylarginine Deiminases as Drug Targets in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy","volume":"7","author":"Lange","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.10.154","article-title":"Hypoxia-induced production of peptidylarginine deiminases and citrullinated proteins in malignant glioma cells","volume":"482","author":"Sase","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12654","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12654","article-title":"Hypoxia induces production of citrullinated proteins in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes through regulating HIF1\u03b1","volume":"87","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicholas, A., Bhattacharya, S., and Thompson, P. (2017). Protein Deimination in Aging and Age-Related Diseases with Ocular Manifestations. Protein Deimination in Human Health and Disease, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-58244-3"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6358","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201800691R","article-title":"Peptidylarginine deiminase 4: A nuclear button triggering neutrophil extracellular traps in inflammatory diseases and aging","volume":"32","author":"Wong","year":"2018","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8972","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09337-4","article-title":"CitH3: A reliable blood biomarker for diagnosis and treatment of endotoxic shock","volume":"7","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700639","article-title":"PAD4 deficiency leads to decreased organ dysfunction and improved survival in a dual insult model of hemorrhagic shock and sepsis","volume":"200","author":"Biron","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1800314","article-title":"Role of Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4 in Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation and Host Defense during Klebsiella pneumoniae-Induced Pneumonia-Derived Sepsis","volume":"201","author":"Claushuis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4732","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13717","article-title":"Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 concentration, but not PADI4 polymorphisms, is associated with ICU mortality in septic shock patients","volume":"22","author":"Costa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2018.07.005","article-title":"Inhibition of peptidylarginine deiminase alleviates LPS-induced pulmonary dysfunction and improves survival in a mouse model of lethal endotoxemia","volume":"833","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14166","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32576-y","article-title":"Respiratory Syncytial Virus induces the classical ROS-dependent NETosis through PAD-4 and necroptosis pathways activation","volume":"8","author":"Muraro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01704-18","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01704-18","article-title":"A Secreted Bacterial Peptidylarginine Deiminase Can Neutralize Human Innate Immune Defenses","volume":"9","author":"Stobernack","year":"2018","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-019-0139-3","article-title":"PAD4-dependent NETs generation are indispensable for intestinal clearance of Citrobacter rodentium","volume":"12","author":"Saha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.182.1.666","article-title":"Citrullination of CXCL12 differentially reduces CXCR4 and CXCR7 binding with loss of inflammatory and anti-HIV-1 activity via CXCR4","volume":"182","author":"Struyf","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00085","article-title":"Citrullination Alters the Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Activities of the Human Cathelicidin LL-37 during Rhinovirus Infection","volume":"11","author":"Casanova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4660","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps cause airway obstruction during respiratory syncytial virus disease","volume":"238","author":"Cortjens","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2018.05.014","article-title":"Pentraxins CRP-I and CRP-II are post-translationally deiminated and differ in tissue specificity in cod (Gadus morhua L.) ontogeny","volume":"87","author":"Magnadottir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26192","DOI":"10.3402\/jev.v4.26192","article-title":"A Novel Role for Peptidylarginine Deiminases (PADs) in Microvesicle Release: A Therapeutic Potential for PAD Inhibitors to Sensitize Prostate Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy","volume":"4","author":"Kholia","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kosgodage, U.S., Trindade, R.P., Thompson, P.T., Inal, J.M., and Lange, S. (2017). Chloramidine\/Bisindolylmaleimide-I-Mediated Inhibition of Exosome and Microvesicle Release and Enhanced Efficacy of Cancer Chemotherapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18051007"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kosgodage, U.S., Onganer, P.U., Maclatchy, A., Nicholas, A.P., Inal, J.M., and Lange, S. (2018). Peptidylarginine Deiminases Post-translationally Deiminate Prohibitin and Modulate Extracellular Vesicle Release and miRNAs 21 and 126 in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20010103"},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"481","article-title":"Extracellular Vesicles: Evolutionarily Conserved Mediators of Intercellular Communication","volume":"90","author":"Lawson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Yale J. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20120257","article-title":"Interplay of host-pathogen microvesicles and their role in infectious disease","volume":"41","author":"Inal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-101512-122326","article-title":"Biogenesis, secretion, and intercellular interactions of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles","volume":"30","author":"Colombo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00202","article-title":"Transcriptome of Extracellular Vesicles: State-of-the-Art","volume":"10","author":"Turchinovich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1800167","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201800167","article-title":"Protein Composition Reflects Extracellular Vesicle Heterogeneity","volume":"19","author":"Vagner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2595-9","article-title":"Current knowledge on exosome biogenesis and release","volume":"75","author":"Hessvik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2723","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02723","article-title":"Large Extracellular Vesicles: Have We Found the Holy Grail of Inflammation?","volume":"9","author":"Urban","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2015.02.007","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles--Their role in the packaging and spread of misfolded proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"40","author":"Coleman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"3893","article-title":"Characterization of exosomes from body fluids of dairy cows","volume":"95","author":"Koh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gatien, J., Mermillod, P., Tsikis, G., Bernardi, O., Janati Idrissi, S., Uzbekov, R., Le Bourhis, D., Salvetti, P., Almi\u00f1ana, C., and Saint-Dizier, M. (2019). Metabolomic Profile of Oviductal Extracellular Vesicles across the Estrous Cycle in Cattle. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20246339"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.19-0276","article-title":"Release of urinary aquaporin-2-bearing extracellular vesicles is decreased in pregnant Japanese Black cattle","volume":"81","author":"Sinlapadeelerdkul","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3225-6","article-title":"Polyomic tools for an emerging livestock parasite, the rumen fluke Calicophoron daubneyi; identifying shifts in rumen functionality","volume":"11","author":"Huson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01633","article-title":"Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Neospora caninum Are Recognized by Toll-Like Receptor 2 and Modulate Host Cell Innate Immunity Through the MAPK Signaling Pathway","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00277","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus Extracellular Vesicles Elicit an Immunostimulatory Response in vivo on the Murine Mammary Gland","volume":"8","author":"Tartaglia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12969","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12969","article-title":"Characterisation of infection associated microRNA and protein cargo in extracellular vesicles of Theileria annulata infected leukocytes","volume":"21","author":"Gillan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.10.027","article-title":"Mannheimia haemolytica A2 secretes different proteases into the culture medium and in outer membrane vesicles","volume":"113","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252318000142","article-title":"Mannheimia haemolytica in bovine respiratory disease: Immunogens, potential immunogens, and vaccines","volume":"19","author":"Confer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Health Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, J., Aswath, K., Schroeder, S.G., Lippolis, J.D., Reinhardt, T.A., and Sonstegard, T.S. (2015). MicroRNA expression profiles of bovine milk exosomes in response to Staphylococcus aureus infection. BMC Genom., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-015-2044-9"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.03.024","article-title":"Proteomic content of circulating exosomes in dairy cows with or without uterine infection","volume":"114","author":"Almughlliq","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellbi.2008.10.001","article-title":"Exosomal sorting of the cytoplasmic domain of bovine leukemia virus TM Env protein","volume":"33","author":"Trentin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Int."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4816","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5816","article-title":"Conserved and host-specific features of influenza virion architecture","volume":"5","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00139","article-title":"Presence of Viral RNA and Proteins in Exosomes from Cellular Clones Resistant to Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection","volume":"7","author":"Ahsan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7590","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11060","article-title":"Plasma exosome profiles from dairy cows with divergent fertility phenotypes","volume":"99","author":"Mitchell","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/iox106","article-title":"Stage-specific follicular extracellular vesicle uptake and regulation of bovine granulosa cell proliferation","volume":"97","author":"Hung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almi\u00f1ana, C., Tsikis, G., Labas, V., Uzbekov, R., da Silveira, J.C., Bauersachs, S., and Mermillod, P. (2018). Deciphering the oviductal extracellular vesicles content across the estrous cycle: Implications for the gametes-oviduct interactions and the environment of the potential embryo. BMC Genom., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-018-4982-5"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20330","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-56879-w","article-title":"Effects of miR-98 in intrauterine extracellular vesicles on maternal immune regulation during the peri-implantation period in cattle","volume":"9","author":"Nakamura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.03.001","article-title":"MiRNA profiling of plasma-derived exosomes from dairy cows during gestation","volume":"130","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioz177","article-title":"Estrous cycle impacts microRNA content in extracellular vesicles that modulate bovine cumulus cell transcripts during in vitro maturation\u2020","volume":"102","author":"Bridi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Reprod."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.23223","article-title":"Oxygen tension modulates extracellular vesicles and its miRNA contents in bovine embryo culture medium","volume":"86","author":"Andrade","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13304","article-title":"Embryonic extracellular vesicles as informers to the immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface","volume":"198","author":"Giacomini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-19-0233","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles secreted during blastulation show viability of bovine embryos","volume":"158","author":"Mellisho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bauersachs, S., Mermillod, P., and Almi\u00f1ana, C. (2020). The Oviductal Extracellular Vesicles\u2019 RNA Cargo Regulates the Bovine Embryonic Transcriptome. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041303"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294340","DOI":"10.1080\/20013078.2017.1294340","article-title":"Pellet-free isolation of human and bovine milk extracellular vesicles by size-exclusion chromatography","volume":"6","author":"Blans","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.238949","article-title":"Biological Activities of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Cargos from Bovine and Human Milk in Humans and Implications for Infants","volume":"147","author":"Zempleni","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.10.017","article-title":"Bovine milk-derived extracellular vesicles enhance inflammation and promote M1 polarization following agricultural dust exposure in mice","volume":"64","author":"Nordgren","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-018-1760-8","article-title":"Exosomes of pasteurized milk: Potential pathogens of Western diseases","volume":"17","author":"Melnik","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-16880","article-title":"Complexity of the microRNA transcriptome of cow milk and milk-derived extracellular vesicles isolated via differential ultracentrifugation","volume":"103","author":"Benmoussa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2015.10.020","article-title":"Bovine milk-derived exosomes for drug delivery","volume":"371","author":"Munagala","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2019.02.011","article-title":"Milk exosomes\u2014Natural nanoparticles for siRNA delivery","volume":"449","author":"Aqil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matsuda, A., Moirangthem, A., Angom, R.S., Ishiguro, K., Driscoll, J., Yan, I.K., Mukhopadhyay, D., and Patel, T. (2019). Safety of bovine milk derived extracellular vesicles used for delivery of RNA therapeutics in zebrafish and mice. J. Appl. Toxicol.","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3938"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamada, T., Shigemura, H., Ishiguro, N., and Inoshima, Y. (2013). Cell Infectivity in relation to bovine leukemia virus gp51 and p24 in bovine milk exosomes. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077359"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201500222","article-title":"Oral administration of bovine milk derived extracellular vesicles attenuates arthritis in two mouse models","volume":"59","author":"Arntz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.04.019","article-title":"Transdermal delivery of bovine milk vesicles in patients with multiple sclerosis: A novel strategy to induce MOG-specific tolerance","volume":"85","author":"Mokarizadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, B., Hock, A., Wu, R.Y., Minich, A., Botts, S.R., Lee, C., Antounians, L., Miyake, H., Koike, Y., and Chen, Y. (2019). Bovine milk-derived exosomes enhance goblet cell activity and prevent the development of experimental necrotizing enterocolitis. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211431"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2019.103437","article-title":"Complement component C4-like protein in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)\u2014Detection in ontogeny and identification of post-translational deimination in serum and extracellular vesicles","volume":"101","author":"Lange","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2019.10.017","article-title":"Deiminated proteins in extracellular vesicles and serum of llama (Lama glama)-Novel insights into camelid immunity","volume":"117","author":"Criscitiello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Criscitiello, M.F., Kraev, I., and Lange, S. (2020). Deimination Protein Profiles in Alligator mississippiensis Reveal Plasma and Extracellular Vesicle-specific Signatures Relating to Immunity, Metabolic Function and Gene Regulation. Front. Immunol.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00651"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2019.103397","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles from cod (Gadus morhua L.) mucus contain innate immune factors and deiminated protein cargo","volume":"99","author":"Magnadottir","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_95","first-page":"100245","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles, deiminated protein cargo and microRNAs are novel serum biomarkers for environmental rearing temperature in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)","volume":"16","author":"Magnadottir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquacult. Rep."},{"key":"ref_96","first-page":"100676","article-title":"Deiminated Proteins and Extracellular Vesicles\u2014Novel Serum Biomarkers in Whales and Orca","volume":"34","author":"Magnadottir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part D Genom. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_97","first-page":"79","article-title":"Deiminated proteins and extracellular vesicles as novel biomarkers in pinnipeds: Grey seal (Halichoerus gryptus) and harbour seal (Phoca vitulina)","volume":"171\u2013172","author":"Kraev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pamenter, M.E., Uysal-Onganer, P., Huynh, K.W., Kraev, I., and Lange, S. (2019). Post-translational Deimination of Immunological and Metabolic Protein Markers in Plasma and Extracellular Vesicles of Naked Mole-Rat (Heterocephalus glaber). Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20215378"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phillips, R.A., Kraev, I., and Lange, S. (2020). Protein Deimination and Extracellular Vesicle Profiles in Antarctic Seabirds. Biology, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology9010015"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uysal-Onganer, P., MacLatchy, A., Mahmoud, R., Kraev, I., Thompson, P.R., Inal, J., and Lange, S. (2020). Peptidylarginine deiminase isozyme-specific PAD2, PAD3 and PAD4 inhibitors differentially modulate extracellular vesicle signatures and cell invasion in two glioblastoma multiforme cell lines. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041495"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00123","article-title":"Epstein-Barr Virus in Gliomas: Cause, Association, or Artifact?","volume":"8","author":"Akhtar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.retram.2019.06.002","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus infection in gliomas","volume":"67","author":"Limam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2006.12.017","article-title":"Cancer-blame it all on viruses! Bladder tumours in cattle and sarcoids in horses may help us understand the relationship between some cancers and viruses","volume":"174","author":"Knottenbelt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2008022","article-title":"Bovine papillomaviruses, papillomas and cancer in cattle","volume":"39","author":"Borzacchiello","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10911-018-9397-z","article-title":"Can Bovine Leukemia Virus Be Related to Human Breast Cancer? A Review of the Evidence","volume":"23","author":"Lendez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2015.03.010","article-title":"Oncolytic bovine herpesvirus type 1 as a broad spectrum cancer therapeutic","volume":"13","author":"Cuddington","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_107","unstructured":"Cascella, M., Rajnik, M., Cuomo, A., Dulebohn, S.C., and Di Napoli, R. (2020, April 06). Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19) [Updated 2020 Mar 20], StatPearls [Internet], Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK554776\/."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.04.049","article-title":"Reshaping antibody diversity","volume":"153","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2012.09.007","article-title":"Histophilus somni causes extracellular trap formation by bovine neutrophils and macrophages","volume":"54","author":"Hellenbrand","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2015.08.014","article-title":"Increase in the prevalence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in the serum of 185 patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus","volume":"82","author":"Langhendries","year":"2015","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-010-1544-x","article-title":"Antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides in infectious diseases--a systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Lima","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81549-0","article-title":"Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by arginine deiminase of Mycoplasma arginini","volume":"87 Pt 6","author":"Kubo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_113","unstructured":"Driggin, E., Madhavan, M.V., Bikdeli, B., Chuich, T., Laracy, J., Bondi-Zoccai, G., Brown, T.S., Nigoghossian, C., Zidar, D.A., and Haythe, J. (2020). Cardiovascular Considerations for Patients, Health Care Workers, and Health Systems During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Pandemic. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., pii: S0735-1097(20)34637-4."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1996.0519","article-title":"Expression of nitric oxide synthase in a murine model of viral myocarditis induced by coxsackievirus B3","volume":"220","author":"Mikami","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1998.tb01249.x","article-title":"The phylogeny and evolution of the thioester bond-containing proteins C3, C4 and alpha 2-macroglobulin","volume":"166","author":"Dodds","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-5890(01)00055-4","article-title":"Complement and apoptosis","volume":"38","author":"Fishelson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2003.02330.x","article-title":"Phagocytosis of opsonized apoptotic cells: Roles for \u2018old-fashioned\u2019 receptors for antibody and complement","volume":"135","author":"Hart","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2011.06.005","article-title":"Complement in health and disease","volume":"63","author":"Carroll","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12461","article-title":"Terminal complexes of the complement system: New structural insights and their relevance to function","volume":"274","author":"Morgan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2019.08.002","article-title":"Complement deficiencies and dysregulation: Pathophysiological consequences, modern analysis, and clinical management","volume":"114","author":"Kirschfink","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2003.06.001","article-title":"The ontogeny of complement component C3 in Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.)\u2014An immunohistochemical study","volume":"16","author":"Lange","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2003.10.006","article-title":"An immunohistochemical study on complement component C3 in juvenile Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.)","volume":"28","author":"Lange","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2005.03.009","article-title":"The ontogenic transcription of complement component C3 and Apolipoprotein A-I tRNA in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)\u2014A role in development and homeostasis?","volume":"29","author":"Lange","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2005.05.004","article-title":"Complement component C3 transcription in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) larvae","volume":"20","author":"Lange","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.5.2331","article-title":"Expression of complement 3 and complement 5 in newt limb and lens regeneration","volume":"170","author":"Kimura","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_126","first-page":"413","article-title":"The bovine complement system","volume":"137","author":"Linscott","year":"1981","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(90)90005-D","article-title":"A new hemolytic assay for bovine serum complement and its application during experimental bovine anaplasmosis","volume":"24","author":"Romano","year":"1990","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2016.06.008","article-title":"Plasma-based proteomics reveals immune response, complement and coagulation cascades pathway shifts in heat-stressed lactating dairy cows","volume":"146","author":"Min","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-013-9664-1","article-title":"Bactericidal activity of lachrymal secretion and complement system in copper deficient bovines","volume":"153","author":"Postma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200946","article-title":"Species selectivity in poxviral complement regulators is dictated by the charge reversal in the central complement control protein modules","volume":"189","author":"Yadav","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-016-2835-6","article-title":"Bovine viral diarrhea virus structural protein E2 as a complement regulatory protein","volume":"161","author":"Ostachuk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, C., Liu, Y., Liang, L., Cui, S., and Zhang, Y. (2019). RNA-Seq based transcriptome analysis during bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection. BMC Genom., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-019-6120-4"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252313000042","article-title":"Immunity to bovine herpesvirus 1: I. Viral lifecycle and innate immunity","volume":"14","author":"Levings","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anim. Health Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00740-19","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00740-19","article-title":"Antibodies Specific to Membrane Proteins Are Effective in Complement-Mediated Killing of Mycoplasma bovis","volume":"87","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2005.04.004","article-title":"Recent advances on the complement system of teleost fish","volume":"20","author":"Boshra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1998.tb01251.x","article-title":"Evolution and diversity of the complement system of poikilothermic vertebrates","volume":"166","author":"Sunyer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-34134-X_9","article-title":"Diversified components of the bony fish complement system: More genes for robuster innate defense?","volume":"586","author":"Nakao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2011.03.003","article-title":"The complement system in teleost fish: Progress of post-homolog-hunting researches","volume":"35","author":"Nakao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Forn-Cun\u00ed, G., Reis, E.S., Dios, S., Posada, D., Lambris, J.D., Figueras, A., and Novoa, B. (2014). The evolution and appearance of C3 duplications in fish originate an exclusive teleost c3 gene form with anti-inflammatory activity. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099673"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-305X(99)00018-X","article-title":"Alpha2-macroglobulin: An evolutionarily conserved arm of the innate immune system","volume":"23","author":"Armstrong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01121579","article-title":"Intramolecular general acid catalysis in the binding reactions of alpha 2-macroglobulin and complement components C3 and C4","volume":"1","author":"Davies","year":"1981","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.1.9","article-title":"Common evolutionary origin of alpha 2-macroglobulin and complement components C3 and C4","volume":"82","author":"Stepanik","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1159\/000184793","article-title":"Alpha 2-macroglobulin: A binding protein for transforming growth factor-beta and various cytokines","volume":"45","author":"Feige","year":"1996","journal-title":"Horm. Res. Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6446(04)03333-1","article-title":"Transferrin: Structure, function and potential therapeutic actions","volume":"10","author":"Gomme","year":"2005","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.037","article-title":"Transferrin and transferrin receptors update","volume":"133","author":"Kawabata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_146","first-page":"139","article-title":"Antimicrobial properties of iron-binding proteins","volume":"135","author":"Bezkorovainy","year":"1981","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.54.1.881","article-title":"Iron metabolism in pathogenic bacteria","volume":"54","author":"Ratledge","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252307001375","article-title":"Mannheimia haemolytica and bovine respiratory disease","volume":"8","author":"Rice","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anim. Health Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2015.09.001","article-title":"Buried Treasure: Evolutionary Perspectives on Microbial Iron Piracy","volume":"31","author":"Barber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-101416-042001","article-title":"New World Arenavirus Biology","volume":"4","author":"Sarute","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Virol."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-082117-051749","article-title":"Crossing the Iron Gate: Why and How Transferrin Receptors Mediate Viral Entry","volume":"38","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1516979113","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus infection enhances Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm growth through dysregulation of nutritional immunity","volume":"113","author":"Hendricks","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.4161\/19490976.2014.969977","article-title":"Re-thinking the functions of IgA(+) plasma cells","volume":"5","author":"Gommerman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2019.08.006","article-title":"Mucosal Immune System of Cattle: All Immune Responses Begin Here","volume":"35","author":"Chase","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.10.015","article-title":"Protection against bovine respiratory syncytial virus in calves vaccinated with adjuvanted modified live vaccine administered in the face of maternal antibody","volume":"38","author":"Kolb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"00018","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00018-2017","article-title":"Carbamylation\/citrullination of IgG Fc in bronchiectasis, established RA with bronchiectasis and RA smokers: A potential risk factor for disease","volume":"3","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2017","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2005.06.019","article-title":"Immunoglobulins of the non-galliform birds: Antibody expression and repertoire in the duck","volume":"30","author":"Lundqvist","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2015.06.002","article-title":"Structural and genetic diversity in antibody repertoires from diverse species","volume":"33","author":"Criscitiello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaay3254","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aay3254","article-title":"Specialization of mucosal immunoglobulins in pathogen control and microbiota homeostasis occurred early in vertebrate evolution","volume":"5","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_160","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Appearance and Diversification of Receptors for IgM during Vertebrate Evolution","volume":"408","author":"Akula","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12325","article-title":"IgY: A key isotype in antibody evolution","volume":"92","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02541","article-title":"Standardized IMGT\u00ae Nomenclature of Salmonidae IGH Genes, the Paradigm of Atlantic Salmon and Rainbow Trout: From Genomics to Repertoires","volume":"10","author":"Magadan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-007-7157-0","article-title":"The role of serpins in the surveillance of the secretory pathway","volume":"64","author":"Ragg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.03.018","article-title":"Airway proteases: An emerging drug target for influenza and other respiratory virus infections","volume":"24","author":"Laporte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L657","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00509.2016","article-title":"Human airway trypsin-like protease, a serine protease involved in respiratory diseases","volume":"312","author":"Menou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-015-1762-4","article-title":"Caspases and Thrombin Activity Regulation by Specific Serpin Inhibitors in Bovine Skeletal Muscle","volume":"177","author":"Gagaoua","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_167","first-page":"9","article-title":"Search for Babesia bovis vaccine candidates","volume":"49","author":"Schnittger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barksdale, S.M., Hrifko, E.J., Chung, E.M., and van Hoek, M.L. (2016). Peptides from American alligator plasma are antimicrobial against multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens including Acinetobacter baumannii. BMC Microbiol., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-016-0799-z"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2018.03.002","article-title":"The Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Citrullinome","volume":"25","author":"Tilvawala","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1038\/nm788","article-title":"Adiponectin stimulates glucose utilization and fatty-acid oxidation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase","volume":"8","author":"Yamauchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2005-0005","article-title":"Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors","volume":"26","author":"Kadowaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3112","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.404624","article-title":"Adiponectin receptors form homomers and heteromers exhibiting distinct ligand binding and intracellular signaling properties","volume":"288","author":"Almabouada","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fiaschi, T. (2019). Mechanisms of Adiponectin Action. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20122894"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1590\/2359-3997000000316","article-title":"Relationships between adiponectin levels, the metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes: A literature review","volume":"61","author":"Frankenberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gamberi, T., Magherini, F., and Fiaschi, T. (2019). Adiponectin in Myopathies. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20071544"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parida, S., Siddharth, S., and Sharma, D. (2019). Adiponectin, obesity, and cancer: Clash of the bigwigs in health and disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20102519"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2602","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10475-8","article-title":"Adiponectin receptor PAQR-2 signaling senses low temperature to promote C. elegans longevity by regulating autophagy","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-013-1537-4","article-title":"Adiponectin as a tissue regenerating hormone: More than a metabolic function","volume":"71","author":"Fiaschi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2015.11.007","article-title":"Endogenous and exogenous factors influencing the concentrations of adiponectin in body fluids and tissues in the bovine","volume":"56","author":"Sauerwein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Domest. Anim. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5278","DOI":"10.2527\/jas2017.1885","article-title":"Adiponectin: A prosurvival and proproliferation signal that increases bovine mammary epithelial cell numbers and protects them from endoplasmic reticulum stress responses","volume":"95","author":"Jeong","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.64.293","article-title":"Relevance of apolipoproteins in the development of fatty liver and fatty liver-related peripartum diseases in dairy cows","volume":"64","author":"Katoh","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38211","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.249482","article-title":"Apolipoprotein A-I exerts bactericidal activity against Yersinia enterocolitica Serotype O:3","volume":"286","author":"Metso","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2983","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201242564","article-title":"Apolipoprotein B100 is a suppressor of Staphylococcus aureus-induced innate immune responses in humans and mice","volume":"42","author":"Sigel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2008.06.011","article-title":"Apolipoprotein A-I from striped bass (Morone saxatilis) demonstrates antibacterial activity in vitro","volume":"151","author":"Johnston","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1002\/psc.2570","article-title":"An apolipoprotein E mimetic peptide with activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria and immunomodulatory effects","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pept. Sci."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001026","article-title":"Novel host restriction factors implicated in HIV-1 replication","volume":"99","author":"Ghimire","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(98)75670-X","article-title":"Effect of selenium supplements on the distribution of selenium among serum proteins in cattle","volume":"81","author":"Awadeh","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.2000.1735","article-title":"Selenoprotein P: Properties, functions, and regulation","volume":"376","author":"Mostert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2009.03.026","article-title":"Selenoprotein P-expression, functions, and roles in mammals","volume":"1790","author":"Burk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(07)71575-8","article-title":"Occurrence of selenoprotein enzyme activities and mRNA in bovine mammary tissue","volume":"90","author":"Bruzelius","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.24.754","article-title":"Effects of selenium deficiency on expression of selenoproteins in bovine arterial endothelial cells","volume":"24","author":"Hara","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.4149\/gpb_2013012","article-title":"Effects of selenoprotein P on the contraction and relaxation of the airway smooth muscle","volume":"32","author":"Ogawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gen. Physiol. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-019-0162-0","article-title":"Transcriptome profiling revealed multiple genes and ECM-receptor interaction pathways that may be associated with breast cancer","volume":"24","author":"Bao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Biol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8249","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27669","article-title":"Interaction between mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles and immune cells by distinct protein content","volume":"234","author":"Mardpour","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, H.J., Jang, M., Kim, H., Kwak, W., Park, W., Hwang, J.Y., Lee, C.K., Jang, G.W., Park, M.N., and Kim, H.C. (2013). Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Adipose Tissues Reveals that ECM-Receptor Interaction Is Involved in the Depot-Specific Adipogenesis in Cattle. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066267"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stafuzza, N.B., Zerlotini, A., Lobo, F.P., Yamagishi, M.E., Chud, T.C., Caetano, A.R., Munari, D.P., Garrick, D.J., Machado, M.A., and Martins, M.F. (2017). Single nucleotide variants and InDels identified from whole-genome re-sequencing of Guzerat, Gyr, Girolando and Holstein cattle breeds. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173954"},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopez, B.I., Santiago, K.G., Lee, D., Ha, S., and Seo, K. (2020). RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) Based Transcriptome Analysis in Immune Response of Holstein Cattle to Killed Vaccine against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Type I. Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10020344"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11188","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b02386","article-title":"Transcriptomics and iTRAQ-Proteomics Analyses of Bovine Mammary Tissue with Streptococcus agalactiae-Induced Mastitis","volume":"66","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2017.05.003","article-title":"Mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum calcium homeostasis and cell death","volume":"69","author":"Marchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.05.039","article-title":"New insights into the role of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis in cell migration","volume":"500","author":"Paupe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-12457-1_33","article-title":"Calcium Regulation of Bacterial Virulence","volume":"1131","author":"King","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-12457-1_22","article-title":"Calcium Signaling and Gene Expression","volume":"1131","author":"Puri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-55330-6_2","article-title":"Mitochondrial Calcium Handling in Physiology and Disease","volume":"982","author":"Granatiero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2017.7266","article-title":"Calcium Signaling Deficits in Glia and Autophagic Pathways Contributing to Neurodegenerative Disease","volume":"29","author":"Littlefield","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-19-0104","article-title":"Molecular and clinical insights from studies of calcium-sensing receptor mutations","volume":"63","author":"Gorvin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7592851","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7592851","article-title":"An Overview of the Intrinsic Role of Citrullination in Autoimmune Disorders","volume":"2019","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.9b00024","article-title":"Protein Arginine Deiminases (PADs): Biochemistry and Chemical Biology of Protein Citrullination","volume":"52","author":"Mondal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00e9chin, M.C., Takahara, H., and Simon, M. (2020). Deimination and Peptidylarginine Deiminases in Skin Physiology and Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21020566"},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2011.05.037","article-title":"Calcium influx, a new potential therapeutic target in the control of neutrophil-dependent inflammatory diseases in bovines","volume":"143","author":"Burgos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.4149\/av_2017_412","article-title":"Calcium signaling involved in bovine herpesvirus 1 replication in MDBK cells","volume":"61","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Virol."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.12.093","article-title":"Identification and characterization of a novel prolyl oligopeptidase in filarial parasite Setaria cervi","volume":"495","author":"Wadhawan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8647121","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8647121","article-title":"Calcium Oscillatory Behavior and Its Possible Role during Wound Healing in Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells in Culture","volume":"2019","author":"Justet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.113.113662","article-title":"Mechanisms of intracellular calcium homeostasis in developing and mature bovine corpora lutea","volume":"90","author":"Wright","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/age.12710","article-title":"Genetic dissection of bull fertility in US Jersey dairy cattle","volume":"49","author":"Rezende","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Genet."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2018.06.032","article-title":"Modeling the influence of co-localized intracellular calcium stores on the secretory response of bovine chromaffin cells","volume":"100","author":"Gil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5711","DOI":"10.2527\/jas2017.1673","article-title":"TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM\/BOLFA: Serotonin and the regulation of calcium transport in dairy cows","volume":"95","author":"Hernandez","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2018.03.005","article-title":"Ras and Rap1: A tale of two GTPases","volume":"54","author":"Shah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1839","article-title":"Statin therapy in autoimmunity: From protein prenylation to immunomodulation","volume":"5","author":"Greenwood","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1080\/09537104.2018.1476681","article-title":"RAP GTPases and platelet integrin signaling","volume":"30","author":"Stefanini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2017.1371886","article-title":"Decoding telomere protein Rap1: Its telomeric and nontelomeric functions and potential implications in diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"16","author":"Cai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0000000000000332","article-title":"Rap1 in endothelial biology","volume":"24","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Hematol."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.20892\/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0086","article-title":"Roles of Rap1 signaling in tumor cell migration and invasion","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3585","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI80102","article-title":"RAP1-mediated MEK\/ERK pathway defects in Kabuki syndrome","volume":"125","author":"Tsai","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1348","article-title":"Prostacyclin regulates bone growth via the Epac\/Rap1 pathway","volume":"156","author":"Hutchison","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ja\u015bkiewicz, A., Paj\u0105k, B., and Orzechowski, A. (2018). The Many Faces of Rap1 GTPase. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19102848"},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3233\/BD-2007-28102","article-title":"Comparative pathology of mammary gland cancers in domestic and wild animals","volume":"28","author":"Munson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Breast Dis."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985814537837","article-title":"Bovine and human papillomaviruses: A comparative review","volume":"51","author":"Munday","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2016.04.007","article-title":"Detection of bovine papillomavirus type 14 DNA sequences in urinary bladder tumors in cattle","volume":"190","author":"Roperto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13285","article-title":"Detection and genomic characterization of Bovine papillomavirus isolated from Chinese native cattle","volume":"66","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-015-9629-2","article-title":"Interaction between Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection and age on telomerase misregulation","volume":"39","author":"Hemmatzadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.5b00942","article-title":"Protein Arginine Methylation and Citrullination in Epigenetic Regulation","volume":"11","author":"Fuhrmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-18-2797","article-title":"Citrullination in cancer","volume":"79","author":"Yuzhalin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beato, M., and Sharma, P. (2020). Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase 2 (PADI2)-Mediated Arginine Citrullination Modulates Transcription in Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21041351"},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2020.101393","article-title":"Post-translational modifications such as citrullination are excellent targets for cancer therapy","volume":"47","author":"Brentville","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2016.11.003","article-title":"Hypoxia and HIF-1 activation in bacterial infections","volume":"19","author":"Devraj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29519","article-title":"HIF-1 at the crossroads of hypoxia, inflammation, and cancer","volume":"138","author":"Balamurugan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524018666181109121849","article-title":"Role of HIF-1 in Cancer Progression: Novel Insights. A Review","volume":"18","author":"Pezzuto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2016.3633","article-title":"Hostile takeover: Manipulation of HIF-1 signaling in pathogen-associated cancers (Review)","volume":"49","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12421","article-title":"HIF-1\u03b1 induction, proliferation and glycolysis of Theileria-infected leukocytes","volume":"17","author":"Metheni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/ahe.12180","article-title":"Angiogenesis in the Ovary\u2014The Most Important Regulatory Event for Follicle and Corpus Luteum Development and Function in Cow\u2014An Overview","volume":"45","author":"Berisha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anat. Histol. Embryol."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iqbal, N., Liu, X., Yang, T., Huang, Z., Hanif, Q., Asif, M., Khan, Q.M., and Mansoor, S. (2019). Genomic variants identified from whole-genome resequencing of indicine cattle breeds from Pakistan. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215065"},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fry, B., and Carter, J.F. (2019). Stable carbon isotope diagnostics of mammalian metabolism, a high-resolution isotomics approach using amino acid carboxyl groups. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224297"},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10094","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13320","article-title":"A 100-Year Review: Protein and amino acid nutrition in dairy cows","volume":"100","author":"Schwab","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamam, H.J., and Palaniyar, N. (2019). Post-Translational Modifications in NETosis and NETs-Mediated Diseases. Biomolecules, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9080369"},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2017.05.005","article-title":"Role of NETs in the difference in host susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii between sheep and cattle","volume":"189","author":"Yildiz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00606","article-title":"Bovine Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils Cast Neutrophil Extracellular Traps against the Abortive Parasite Neospora caninum","volume":"8","author":"Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17598","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36070-3","article-title":"Bovine neutrophils form extracellular traps in response to the gastrointestinal parasite Ostertagia ostertagi","volume":"8","author":"Mendez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1159\/000358881","article-title":"Enrofloxacin enhances the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps in bovine granulocytes","volume":"6","author":"Jerjomiceva","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Innate Immun."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001159","article-title":"Extracellular histones identified in crocodile blood inhibit in-vitro HIV-1 infection","volume":"30","author":"Kozlowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20020980","article-title":"Anti-microbial properties of histone H2A from skin secretions of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss","volume":"368 Pt 2","author":"Fernandes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535750","DOI":"10.1080\/20013078.2018.1535750","article-title":"Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): A position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines","volume":"7","author":"Witwer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10039","article-title":"Preparation of a monoclonal antibody to citrullinated epitopes: Its characterization and some applications to immunohistochemistry in human brain","volume":"37","author":"Nicholas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Glia"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/21\/8\/2861\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:45:10Z","timestamp":1760363110000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/21\/8\/2861"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,19]]},"references-count":252,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms21082861"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21082861","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,19]]}}}