{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T01:00:46Z","timestamp":1781658046185,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]],"date-time":"2020-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018R1A2B6004513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1A2B6004513"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017R1C1B5016952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1C1B5016952"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019R1I1A1A01043232"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1I1A1A01043232"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sarcopenia is the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass and function associated with aging and occurs in the absence of any underlying disease or condition. A comparison of the age-related molecular signaling signatures of different muscles has not previously been reported. In this study, we compared the age-related molecular signaling signatures of the intercostal muscles, the diaphragm, and the gastrocnemii using 6-month and 20-month-old rats. The phosphorylation of Akt, ribosomal S6, and Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) in diaphragms significantly increased with age, but remained unchanged in the intercostal and gastrocnemius muscles. In addition, ubiquitin-proteasome degradation, characterized by the levels of MuRF1 and Atrogin-1, did not change with age in all rat muscles. Interestingly, an increase in LC3BII and p62 levels marked substantial blockage of autophagy in aged gastrocnemii but not in aged respiratory muscles. These changes in LC3BII and p62 levels were also associated with a decrease in markers of mitochondrial quality control. Therefore, our results suggest that the age-related signaling events in respiratory muscles differ from those in the gastrocnemii, most likely to preserve the vital functions played by the respiratory muscles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21082862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T04:49:38Z","timestamp":1587444578000},"page":"2862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Comparative Analyses of mTOR\/Akt and Muscle Atrophy-Related Signaling in Aged Respiratory and Gastrocnemius Muscles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Kun Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye-Jeong","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea"},{"name":"Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sana Abdul","family":"Khaliq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea"},{"name":"Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0595-5645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuk Hui","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0114-1142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mee-Sup","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea"},{"name":"Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2009.10.008","article-title":"Autophagy is required to maintain muscle mass","volume":"10","author":"Masiero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.71.2.644","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of muscle strength and mass in 45- to 78-yr-old men and women","volume":"71","author":"Frontera","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. 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