{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T09:05:10Z","timestamp":1784106310826,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Singapore Ministry of Health\u2019s National Medical Research Council","award":["NMRC\/CSA-SI\/0011\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC\/CSA-SI\/0011\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Collaborative Centre Grant scheme","award":["NMRC\/CGAug16C006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC\/CGAug16C006"]}]},{"name":"Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 2","award":["MOE2016-T2-2-021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOE2016-T2-2-021"]}]},{"name":"COST Action EU-CARDIOPROTECTION","award":["CA16225"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA16225"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CS\/14\/3\/31002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CS\/14\/3\/31002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and ischemic heart disease are among the leading causes of death and disability in Western countries. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is responsible for the most severe signs and symptoms. An important strategy for reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease is regular exercise. Remote ischemic conditioning has some similarity with exercise and can be induced by short periods of ischemia and reperfusion of a limb, and it can be performed in people who cannot exercise. There is abundant evidence that exercise is beneficial in diabetes and ischemic heart disease, but there is a need to elucidate the specific cardiovascular effects of emerging and unconventional forms of exercise in people with diabetes. In addition, remote ischemic conditioning may be considered among the options to induce beneficial effects in these patients. The characteristics and interactions of diabetes and ischemic heart disease, and the known effects of exercise and remote ischemic conditioning in the presence of metabolic syndrome and diabetes, are analyzed in this brief review.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21082896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T04:15:13Z","timestamp":1587528913000},"page":"2896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Ischemic Heart Disease: Prevention and Therapy by Exercise and Conditioning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Antonio","family":"Crisafulli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4386-1383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasquale","family":"Pagliaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Torino, 10043 Obassano (TO), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvana","family":"Roberto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7650-0640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Cugusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Mercuro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7889-9648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antigone","family":"Lazou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Beauloye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pole of Cardiovascular Research, IREC Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0655-7099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc","family":"Bertrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pole of Cardiovascular Research, IREC Institute, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0729-4956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derek J.","family":"Hausenloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore"},{"name":"National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore"},{"name":"Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore"},{"name":"The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6HX, UK"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0453-5235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Aragno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Torino, 10043 Obassano (TO), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Penna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Torino, 10043 Obassano (TO), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(72)90595-4","article-title":"New type of cardiomyopathy associated with diabetic glomerulosclerosis","volume":"30","author":"Rubler","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am. 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