{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T06:34:44Z","timestamp":1791441284217,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":221,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]],"date-time":"2020-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence on efficacy, effectiveness and safety of intravenous enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) available for mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) I, II, IVA, VI and VII, gained in phase III clinical trials and in observational post-approval studies. Post-marketing data are sometimes conflicting or controversial, possibly depending on disease severity, differently involved organs, age at starting treatment, and development of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs). There is general agreement that ERT is effective in reducing urinary glycosaminoglycans and liver and spleen volume, while heart and joints outcomes are variable in different studies. Effectiveness on cardiac valves, trachea and bronchi, hearing and eyes is definitely poor, probably due to limited penetration in the specific tissues. ERT does not cross the blood\u2013brain barrier, with the consequence that the central nervous system is not cured by intravenously injected ERT. All patients develop ADAs but their role in ERT tolerance and effectiveness has not been well defined yet. Lack of reliable biomarkers contributes to the uncertainties about effectiveness. The data obtained from affected siblings strongly indicates the need of neonatal screening for treatable MPSs. Currently, other treatments are under evaluation and will surely help improve the prognosis of MPS patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21082975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]],"date-time":"2020-04-23T10:46:22Z","timestamp":1587638782000},"page":"2975","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Intravenous Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Mucopolysaccharidoses: Clinical Effectiveness and Limitations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4505-1306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rossella","family":"Parini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UOS Malattie Metaboliche Rare, Clinica Pediatrica dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, ATS Monza e Brianza, 20900 Monza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Deodato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolic Disease, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"National Organization for Rare Disorders (2020, February 10). 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