{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T01:24:01Z","timestamp":1785461041994,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,25]],"date-time":"2020-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2018R1A2B2003628"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2018R1A2B2003628"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2019R1F1A1057678"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2019R1F1A1057678"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aims: Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is known to be an important cause of myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Enterovirus-2C (E2C) is a viral RNA helicase. It inhibits host protein synthesis. Based on these facts, we hypothesize that the inhibition of 2C may suppress virus replication and prevent enterovirus-mediated cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results: We generated a chemically modified enterovirus-2C inhibitor (E2CI). From the in vitro assay, E2CI was showed strong antiviral effects. For in vivo testing, mice were treated with E2CI intraperitoneally injected daily for three consecutive days at a dose of 8 mg\/kg per day, after CVB3 post-infection (p.i) (CVB3 + E2CI, n = 33). For the infected controls (CVB3 only, n = 35), mice were injected with PBS (phosphate buffered saline) in a DBA\/2 strain to establish chronic myocarditis. The four-week survival rate of E2CI-treated mice was significantly higher than that of controls (92% vs. 71%; p &lt; 0.05). Virus titers and myocardial damage were significantly reduced in the E2CI treated group. In addition, echocardiography indicated that E2CI administration dramatically maintained mouse heart function compared to control at day 28 p.i chronic stage (LVIDD, 3.1 \u00b1 0.08 vs. 3.9 \u00b1 0.09, p &lt; 0.01; LVDS, 2.0 \u00b1 0.07 vs. 2.5 \u00b1 0.07, p &lt; 0.001; FS, 34.8 \u00b1 1.6% vs. 28.5 \u00b1 1.5%; EF, 67. 9 \u00b1 2.9% vs. 54.7 \u00b1 4.7%, p &lt; 0.05; CVB3 + E2CI, n = 6 vs. CVB3, n = 4). Moreover, E2CI is effectively worked in human iPS (induced pluripotent stem cell) derived cardiomyocytes. Conclusion: Enterovirus-2C inhibitor (E2CI) was significantly reduced viral replication, chronic myocardium damage, and CVB3-induced mortality in DBA\/2 mice. These results suggested that E2CI is a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of enterovirus-mediated diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21093041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T05:05:32Z","timestamp":1588050332000},"page":"3041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Inhibition of RNA Helicase Activity Prevents Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Myocarditis in Human iPS Cardiomyocytes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Soo-Hyeon","family":"Yun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine 50 Irwon dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ha-Hyeon","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, 85 Munmu-ro, Goesan-gun 28024, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun-Seon","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine 50 Irwon dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You-Jung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine 50 Irwon dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3974-1175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byung-Kwan","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Jungwon University, 85 Munmu-ro, Goesan-gun 28024, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun-Seok","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine 50 Irwon dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir745","article-title":"Antiviral activity of coxsackievirus B3 3C protease inhibitor in experimental murine myocarditis","volume":"205","author":"Yun","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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